Demographics of Qatar

Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris (Arabic: قطرين) are descended from a number of migratory Arab tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century from mainly the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. Some are descended from Omani tribes. Qatar has about 2.6 million inhabitants as of early 2017, the vast majority of whom (about 92%) live in Doha, the capital.[1] Foreign workers amount to around 88% of the population, with Indians being the largest community numbering around 700,000.[2] The treatment of these foreign workers has been heavily criticized in recent years, with living conditions suggested to be modern slavery.[3]

Qatar population pyramid in 2020

The Qataris are mainly Sunni Muslims. Islam is the official religion, and Islamic jurisprudence is the basis of Qatar's legal system. A significant minority of the population is Hindu. Arabic is the official language and English is the lingua franca of business. Hindi and Urdu are also widely spoken, especially by the South Asian foreign workers.[4] Education is compulsory and free for all citizens 6–16 years old. Qatar has an increasingly high literacy rate.

Population
2002-2017
YearPop.±% p.a.
1986 369,079—    
1997 522,026+3.20%
2001 676,498+6.69%
2003 713,859+2.72%
2004 744,028+4.23%
2005 906,123+21.79%
2006 1,042,947+15.10%
2007 1,218,250+16.81%
2008 1,448,479+18.90%
2009 1,638,626+13.13%
2010 1,699,435+3.71%
2011 1,732,717+1.96%
2012 1,832,903+5.78%
2013 2,101,288+14.64%
2014 2,172,065+3.37%
2015 2,235,355+2.91%
2016 2,291,368+2.51%
2017 2,338,085+2.04%
Source: Qatar Statistics Authority[5]
1950-2010
YearPop.±% p.a.
195025,000—    
196047,000+6.52%
1970108,000+8.68%
1980222,000+7.47%
1990474,000+7.88%
2000591,000+2.23%
20101,759,000+11.52%
Source: United Nations[6]

By nationality

Native Qataris can be divided into three ethnic groups: Bedouin Arabs, Hadar, and Afro-Arab. They comprise 11.6% of the country's population.

A 2011–2014 report by the International Organization for Migration recorded 176,748 Nepali Citizens living in Qatar as migrant workers.[7][8][9] In 2012 about 7,000 Turkish nationals lived in Qatar[10] and in 2016 about 1,000 Colombian nationals and descendants lived in Qatar. No official numbers are published of the foreign population broken down by nationality, however a Qatari firm provides estimates as of 2019:[11]

CountryNumberpercent
 India700,00025.00%
 Bangladesh400,00012.10%
   Nepal400,00012.10%
 Qatar330,00011.60%
 Egypt300,00012.10%
 Philippines236,0005.60%
 Pakistan150,0004.80%
 Sri Lanka140,0002.20%
 Sudan60,0002.10%
 Syria54,0001.72%
 Lebanon40,0001.68%
 United States40,0001.3%-1.50%
 Kenya30,0001.10%
 Iran30,0001.08%
 United Kingdom22,0000.92%

Vital statistics

UN estimates
Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950–19551,00001,00047.513.833.76.97126
1955–19602,00001,00044.311.333.06.97110
1960–19652,0001,0002,00041.08.832.16.9790
1965–19704,0001,0003,00038.66.831.86.9771
1970–19755,0001,0004,00034.85.229.66.7753
1975–19807,0001,0006,00035.74.031.76.1138
1980–198510,0001,0009,00033.23.130.15.4528
1985–199011,0001,00010,00025.42.522.94.5023
1990–199511,0001,00010,00022.82.220.64.0118
1995–200010,0001,0009,00019.22.117.13.3014
2000–200513,0001,00012,00018.81.916.93.0111
2005–201018,0002,00016,00014.11.612.52.409
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)
Source:[12]

Registered births and deaths
Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 2) Natural change (per 1000) TFR
1970 108,000 3,6164643,152 33.44.329.1
1971 118,000 3,9214913,430 33.24.229.0
1972 129,000 4,0385633,475 31.24.426.8
1973 141,000 4,3676603,707 31.04.726.3
1974 152,000 4,5626883,874 30.04.525.5
1975 163,000 4,5596003,959 28.03.724.3
1976 172,000 4,8936094,284 28.43.524.9
1977 181,000 5,3136864,627 29.43.825.6
1978 190,000 5,9776455,332 31.43.428.0
1979 203,000 6,0577095,348 29.83.526.3
1980 222,000 6,7506626,088 30.53.027.5
1981 246,000 7,1927256,467 29.33.026.3
1982 275,000 8,0327897,243 29.22.926.3
1983 307,000 8,2618037,458 26.92.624.3
1984 338,000 8,6136427,971 25.51.923.6
1985 368,000 9,2257948,431 25.12.222.9
1986 395,000 9,9427849,158 25.22.023.2
1987 420,000 9,9197889,131 23.61.921.7
1988 442,000 10,8428619,981 24.51.922.6
1989 460,000 10,90884710,061 23.71.821.9
1990 474,000 11,02287110,151 23.31.821.5
1991 483,000 9,7568838,873 20.21.818.4
1992 488,000 10,4599449,515 21.41.919.5
1993 491,000 10,8229139,909 22.01.920.1
1994 495,000 10,5619649,597 21.31.919.4
1995 501,000 10,3711,0009,371 20.72.018.7
1996 512,000 10,3171,0159,302 20.12.018.1
1997 529,000 10,4471,0609,387 19.82.017.8
1998 549,000 10,7811,1579,624 19.62.117.5
1999 570,000 10,8461,1489,698 19.02.017.0
2000 591,000 11,4381,17310,265 19.42.017.4
2001 608,000 12,3551,21011,145 20.32.018.3
2002 624,000 12,3881,22011,168 19.82.017.8
2003 654,000 13,0261,31111,715 19.92.017.9
2004 715,000 13,5891,34112,248 19.01.917.12.78
2005 821,000 13,5141,54511,969 16.51.914.62.62
2006 978,000 14,2041,75012,454 14.51.812.72.48
2007 1,178,000 15,6951,77613,919 13.31.511.82.45
2008 1,448,000 17,4801,94215,538 12.11.310.82.43
2009 1,639,000 18,3512,00816,343 11.21.210.02.28
2010 1,715,000 19,5041,97017,534 11.41.110.32.08
2011 1,733,000 20,6231,94918,674 12.01.110.92.12
2012 1,833,000 21,4232,03119,392 11.71.110.62.05
2013 2,004,000 23,7082,13321,575 11.81.110.72.00
2014 2,216,000 25,4432,36623,007 11.51.110.42.00
2015 2,438,000 26,6222,31724,305 10.91.09.92.00
2016 2,618,000 26,8162,34724,469 10.20.99.31.85
2017 2,725,000 27,9062,29425,612 10.20.89.41.83
2018 2,760,000 28,0692,38525,684 10.20.99.31.75
2019 2,799,000 28,4122,20026,212 10.20.89.41.73
2020 2,834,000 29,0142,81126,203 10.21.09.21.67
2021 22,9222,77420,148
Sources:[13][14]

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019): [15]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 2 064 276 734 926 2 799 202 100
0–4 74 902 71 724 146 626 5.24
5–9 71 614 69 267 140 881 5.03
10–14 56 637 54 291 110 928 3.96
15–19 47 897 38 313 86 210 3.08
20–24 205 862 44 382 250 244 8.94
25–29 352 616 92 515 445 131 15.90
30–34 393 644 109 435 503 079 17.97
35–39 319 713 89 034 408 747 14.60
40–44 211 372 62 490 273 862 9.78
45–49 145 216 39 577 184 793 6.60
50–54 86 415 25 298 111 713 3.99
55–59 51 306 16 530 67 836 2.42
60–64 26 902 9 875 36 777 1.31
65-69 10 744 5 365 16 109 0.58
70-74 4 905 3 154 8 059 0.29
75-79 2 703 2 031 4 734 0.17
80+ 1 828 1 645 3 473 0.12
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 203 153 195 282 398 435 14.23
15–64 1 840 943 527 449 2 368 392 84.61
65+ 20 180 12 195 32 375 1.16

Life expectancy
Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 55.2 1985–1990 74.5
1955–1960 59.2 1990–1995 75.3
1960–1965 62.9 1995–2000 76.0
1965–1970 66.6 2000–2005 76.6
1970–1975 69.7 2005–2010 76.9
1975–1980 71.8 2010–2015 77.6
1980–1985 73.4
Source: UN World Population Prospects[16]


Religions

Languages

Arabic is the official language of Qatar according to Article 1 of the Constitution.[18]

English is the de facto second language of Qatar, and is very commonly used in business. Because of Qatar's varied ethnic landscape, English has been recognized as the most convenient medium for people of different backgrounds to communicate with each other.[19] The history of English use in the country dates back to the mid-19th and early 20th centuries when the British Empire would frequently draft treaties and agreements with the emirates of the Persian Gulf. One such treaty was the 1916 protectorate treaty signed between Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani and the British representative Percy Cox, under which Qatar would be placed under British administration in exchange for protection. Another agreement drafted in English came in 1932 and was signed between the Qatari government and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. These agreements were mainly facilitated by foreign interpreters due to neither party possessing the required language skills for such complex arrangements. For instance, a translator and native Arabic speaker named A. A. Hilmy interpreted the 1932 agreement for Qatar.[20]

Hindi, Urdu, Tagalog, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam are commonly used among Asian migrants. In 2015, there were more newspapers being printed by the government in Malayalam than in Arabic or English.[21]


Genetics

Y-chromosome DNA

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Qatari Y-chromosome in large belongs to haplogroup J which comprises two thirds of the total chromosomes[22]

  • J1 ≈58.3%
  • J2 ≈8.3%
  • E* ≈7.0% — E(xE1b1b)
  • R1a ≈6.9%
  • E1b1b ≈5.6%
  • Other Haplogroups ≈13.9%

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the female lineage The Qatari mitochondrial DNA shows much more diversity than the Y-DNA lineages, with more than 35% of the lineages showing African ancestry (East African & Subsaharan) & the rest of the lineages being Eurasian.[23]

  • R0 ~ 22% (14% R0*, 8% H)
  • JT ~ 22% (18% J & 4% T)
  • UK ~ 20% (11% K & 9% U)
  • L3 ~ 10% (East African & Subsaharan lineages)
  • Other lineages ~ 26%

References
  1. "Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics". Retrieved 2017-02-07.
  2. "Population of Qatar by nationality - 2017 report". Retrieved 2017-02-07.
  3. "QATAR 2015/2016". Retrieved 2016-11-25.
  4. "Qatar Tourist Guide". Retrieved 2012-02-15.
  5. "Qatar Statistics Authority - Population 2012" (PDF).
  6. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Nepalese Migrant workers in Qatar from Terai".
  8. "Iom International Report claims half of Nepalese migrant workers in foreign are Madhesi people from Terai, mainly to Qatar, Malaysia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and UAE".
  9. "Half of madhesi people of Terai are in Qatar".
  10. "Turkish school in Qatar to help spread Turkish culture" (Archive). Today's Zaman. Wednesday February 29, 2012. Retrieved on September 26, 2015.
  11. "Population of Qatar by nationality in 2019". Priya DSouza Communications. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  12. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  13. United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
  14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2015-06-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Qatar Information Exchange]
  15. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/
  16. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  17. "CIA Factbook – Qatar".
  18. "Qatar's Constitution of 2003" (PDF). Constitute Project. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  19. The Report: Qatar 2015. Oxford Business Group. 2015. p. 12. ISBN 9781910068274.
  20. Qotbah, Mohammed Abdullah (1990). Needs analysis and the design of courses in English for academic purposes : a study of the use of English language at the University of Qatar (PDF). etheses.dur.ac.uk (Thesis). Durham theses, Durham University. p. 8. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  21. The Report: Qatar 2015. Oxford Business Group. 2015. p. 15. ISBN 9781910068274.
  22. Cadenas et al. 2007
  23. Rowold et al. 2007

Further reading
  • Ferdinand, Klaus (1993). Ida Nicolaisen (ed.). Bedouins of Qatar. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500015735. OCLC 990430539.
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