Programming languages used in most popular websites

One thing the most visited websites have in common is that they are dynamic websites. Their development typically involves server-side coding, client-side coding and database technology. The programming languages applied to deliver dynamic web content, however, vary vastly between sites.

Programming languages used in most popular websites*
Websites Popularity
(unique visitors per month)[1]		 Front-end
(Client-side)		 Back-end
(Server-side)		 Database Notes
Google[2] 1,600,000,000 JavaScript, TypeScript C, C++, Go,[3] Java, Python, Node Bigtable,[4] MariaDB[5] The most used search engine in the world
Facebook 1,120,000,000 JavaScript Hack, PHP (HHVM), Python, C++, Java, Erlang, D,[6] XHP,[7] Haskell[8] MariaDB, MySQL,[9] HBase, Cassandra[10] The most visited social networking site
YouTube 1,100,000,000 JavaScript, TypeScript C, C++, Python, Java, [11] Go[12] Vitess, BigTable, MariaDB[5][13] The most popular video sharing site [YouTube is also owned by Google, the first listing (can be seen above)]
Yahoo 750,000,000 JavaScript PHP PostgreSQL, HBase, Cassandra, MongoDB,[14]
Etsy 516,000,000[15] JavaScript PHP[16][17] MySQL, Redis[18] E-commerce website.
Amazon 500,000,000 JavaScript Java, C++, Perl[19] DynamoDB, RDS/Aurora, Redshift[20] The most used e-commerce site in the world
Wikipedia 475,000,000 JavaScript PHP MariaDB[21] A free online encyclopedia based on MediaWiki, which is programmed in PHP
Fandom 315,000,000[22] JavaScript PHP MySQL Wiki hosting service.
Twitter 290,000,000 JavaScript C++, Java,[23] Scala,[24] Ruby MySQL[25] Popular social network
Bing 285,000,000 JavaScript C++, C# Microsoft SQL Server, Cosmos DB Search engine from Microsoft.
eBay 285,000,000 JavaScript Java,[26] JavaScript,[27] Scala[28] Oracle Database Online auction house.
MSN 280,000,000 JavaScript C# Microsoft SQL Server An email client, for simple use. Previously known as "messenger", not to be confused with Facebook's messaging platform.
LinkedIn 260,000,000 JavaScript Java, JavaScript,[29] Scala Venice[30][31] World's largest professional network.
Pinterest 250,000,000 JavaScript Python (Django),[32] Erlang MySQL, Redis[33] Search engine for ideas.
WordPress.com 240,000,000 JavaScript PHP[34] MariaDB[35] Website manager software.

*data on programming languages is based on:

  • HTTP Header information
  • Request for file types
  • Citations from reliable sources
Back-end (Server-side) table in most popular websites
Websites C# C C++ D Erlang Go Hack Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala XHP
Google No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No
YouTube No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No
Facebook No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes
Yahoo No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Amazon No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Wikipedia No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No
Twitter No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No
Bing Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No
eBay No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No
MSN Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No
LinkedIn No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No
Pinterest No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No
WordPress.com No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No

See also


References
  1. "Top 15 Most Popular Websites May 2018". eBiz. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  2. searchenginewatch.com - Google Hits the Billion Monthly Unique Visitors Mark
  3. Rob Pike (2012). Go at Google. Presentation at the ACM conference on Systems, Programming, Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH).
  4. "Google's Bigtable". Archived from the original on 16 June 2006.
  5. "Google Waves Goodbye To MySQL In Favor Of MariaDB". readwrite.com. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  6. "Facebook is using D in production starting today".
  7. "XHP: A New Way to Write PHP". Facebook Engineering. Facebook.
  8. "Fighting spam with Haskell". Facebook Engineering. Facebook.
  9. "MySQL and Database Engineering".
  10. "Cassandra – A structured storage system Developed By Facebook".
  11. "YouTube Architecture - High Scalability -". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  12. "Golang Vitess: a database wrapper written in Go as used by Youtube".
  13. "Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion". 10 October 2006.
  14. "World's Largest Database Running on Postgres".
  15. Jennewine, Trevor (1 February 2021). "Where Will Etsy Be in 5 Years?". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  16. "Improving the Deployment Experience of a Ten-Year Old Application". Code as Craft. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  17. Garg, Sumit. "Top Programming Languages for Mobile App Development: Updated in 2020". Konstantinfo. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  18. "How Etsy Prepared for Historic Volumes of Holiday Traffic in 2020". Code as Craft. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  19. "Amazon Architecture".
  20. "Amazon's consumer business ditches Oracle's databases". SiliconANGLE. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  21. "Wikipedia Adopts MariaDB". Wikimedia Foundation. 22 April 2013.
  22. "Fandom Expands Its Revenue Business with the Launch of New Self-Serve…". Fandom. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  23. "Twitter and Java | go.Java | Oracle". go.java. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  24. Venners, Bill. "Twitter on Scala".
  25. "How Twitter Stores 250 Million Tweets A Day Using MySQL".
  26. "eBay Architecture". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  27. "How We Built eBay's First Node.js Application".
  28. "squbs".
  29. "LinkedIn Moved From Rails To Node: 27 Servers Cut And Up To 20x Faster". Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  30. "project-voldemort mailing list post. 2018-08-16". Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  31. "Venice Performance Optimization". Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  32. "FAQ:General". Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  33. "How We Scaled Pinterest From Zero Users To A $2 Billion Valuation". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  34. "PHP Environment". WordPress.com Support. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  35. "WordPress.com PHP Environment". Retrieved 24 October 2020.
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