Nomadic conflict

Displacement of local communities to make way for commercial farms or mining activities has put pressure on grazing areas, exacerbating conflict.[5]

Desertification means the Sahel, where much of the conflict between herders and farmers take place, is expanding southward by about 1400 square miles a year. Climate change has been attributed to exacerbate land degradation, which leads to more competition over grazing areas.[5]

More than 30,000 people in northern Cameroon fled to Chad after ethnic clashes over access to water between Musgum fishermen and ethnic Arab Choa herders in December 2021.[6][7]

In the Central African Republic Civil War, a large portion of the fighting was between rebel groups known as ex-Séléka and rebel groups known as anti-balaka. While the ex-Séléka consisted of those who were largely Muslim and the anti-balaka consisted of those who were largely Christian and animist, an added dimension of the conflict was that ex-Séléka consisted of those from nomadic groups, such as the Fulani, Gula and Runga, and the anti-balaka consisted of those from agriculturalist groups. [8]

Ethnic conflict in Kivu has often involved the Congolese Tutsis known as Banyamulenge, a cattle herding group that largely migrated from Rwanda in the 19th century and are often derided as outsiders. They are pitted against other ethnic groups who consider themselves indigenous. Militias drawn from the Bembe, Bafuliru and Banyindu have attacked and stolen cattle from the Banyamulenge.[9]

Conflict in the Middle Belt in Nigeria between largely Fulani pastoralists and farming communities has arguably killed more people than the more publicized Boko Haram insurgency. [10]

Nomadic conflict in Sudan has been a part of the Second Sudanese Civil War, the War in Darfur and the Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile and has been a feature in ethnic violence in South Sudan.