Ataque de nervios

Ataque de nervios (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈtake ðe ˈneɾβjos], also known as "Puerto Rican syndrome"[1]) is a psychological syndrome that was initially discovered in the United States, among Spanish-speaking people from the Caribbean, although commonly identified among cultures of Latino descent Ataque de nervios translates into English as "attack of nerves",[2] Ataque de nervios can be referred to as culturally influenced syndrome classified by a specific pattern of symptoms, rather than being a general term for feeling nervous.[3] The term ataque de nervios may also refer to an idiom of distress that includes any “fit”-like paroxysm of emotionality and may be used to refer to an episode of loss of control in response to an intense stressor.[3] The condition appears in Appendix I of the revised fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) as a culture-bound syndrome.[4][5]

Classification

Despite comparisons to panic attacks, investigators have identified ataque de nervios as a separate syndrome with measured differences in anxiety sensitivity, and types of attacks. Marlene Steinberg, an Associate Research Scientist at Yale University stated that because it is similar to Multiple Personality Disorder, some Hispanics may be misdiagnosed with an ataque de nervios syndrome instead.[1][2][6]

Symptoms

Reported symptoms of Ataque de nervios syndrome may include partial loss of consciousness, convulsive movements of psychogenic origin, assaultive hyperactivity, childlike regressed behavior, and/or psychosis, and may also include impulsive suicidal or homicidal acts, as well as uncontrollable screaming or shouting, crying, trembling, sensations of heat rising in the chest and head, dissociative experiences, and verbal or physical aggression.

The cause of these symptoms can not be specifically defined but is usually associated with the memory or repression of a stressful event. These stressful events can be related, but is not limited to the particular geographical relocation of one’s family, childhood sexual trauma, or dissociative experiences.[7][8][9][10]

History

Ataque de nervios was first mentioned after studies were conducted by US psychiatrists who focused on healthcare for Hispanic populations, particularly individuals who were Puerto Rican and living in the United States .[11]

See also

References
  1. Steinberg, Marlene (1990) Transcultural issues in psychiatry: The Ataque and multiple personality disorder; Dissociation 3(1):31-33 https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/1494
  2. Razzouk D, Nogueira B, Mari Jde J (May 2011). "The contribution of Latin American and Caribbean countries on culture bound syndromes studies for the ICD-10 revision: key findings from a working in progress". Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 33 Suppl 1: S5–20. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462011000500003. PMID 21845335.
  3. Liebowitz, M. R.; Salmán, E.; Jusino, C. M.; Garfinkel, R.; Street, L.; Cárdenas, D. L.; Silvestre, J.; Fyer, A. J.; Carrasco, J. L.; Davies, S. (1994). "Ataque de nervios and panic disorder". American Journal of Psychiatry. 151 (6): 871–875. doi:10.1176/ajp.151.6.871. PMID 8184996.
  4. American Psychiatric Association (1 January 2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Pub. p. xxxiv. ISBN 978-0-89042-665-4.
  5. Yo Jackson (18 August 2006). Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology. SAGE Publications. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4129-0948-8.
  6. Keough M. E., Timpano K. R., Schmidt N. B. (2009). "Ataques de nervios: culturally bound and distinct from panic attacks?". Depress. Anxiety. 26 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1002/da.20498. PMID 18781666.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Lewis-Fernandez, R., Guarnaccia, P. J., Patel, S., Lizardi, D., & Diaz, N. (2005). Ataque de Nervios: Anthropological, epidemiological, and clinical dimensions of a cultural syndrome. In A. M. Georgiopoulos & J. F. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Perspectives in cross-cultural psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
  8. Rhoades, G., & Sar, V. (2005). Trauma and dissociation in a cross-cultural perspective: Not just a North American phenomenom. Binghamton, NY: The Hawthorn Press.
  9. Gherovici, P.; Christian, C. (2018). Psychoanalysis in the Barrios: Race, Class, and the Unconscious. Taylor & Francis. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-429-79360-8. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  10. American Psychiatric Association (1 January 2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 899. ISBN 978-0-89042-665-4.
  11. Guarnaccia, Peter (2002-01-01). "Comparative phenomenology of ataques de nervios, panic attacks, and panic disorder". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 26 (2): 199–223. doi:10.1023/a:1016349624867. PMID 12211325. S2CID 21477780.
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