Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)

The Ministry of Defense (Kementerian Pertahanan abbreviated Kemhan) of the Republic of Indonesia, formerly the Department of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia is a government ministry responsible for the defense affairs of Indonesia. The currently-appointed minister is Prabowo Subianto replacing Ryamizard Ryacudu on 23 October 2019.[3][4]

Ministry of Defense
Republic of Indonesia
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia
Seal of the Ministry of Defense

Front view of the Ministry of Defense building
Ministry overview
Formed18 August 1945 (1945-08-18)
Preceding Ministry
  • Department of Defense
JurisdictionGovernment of Indonesia
HeadquartersJenderal Soedirman Building
Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
Employees54,848 civilian employees[1]
400,000 active duty military (2019 estimate)
400,000 reserve (2019 estimate)[2]
Annual budgetUSD 9.2 billion (2021)
Ministry executive
Websitewww.kemhan.go.id

The Ministry of Defense are one of the three ministries (along with Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Home Affairs) explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of Indonesia, which means the three ministries cannot be replaced or dissolved by the President.

If both the President and Vice President of Indonesia die, resign, or are unable to perform their duties, the Minister of Defense, along with Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Home Affairs, jointly execute presidential duties until the succeeding President and Vice President are elected by the People's Consultative Assembly within thirty days.[5]

History

Sukarno Era

After the Proclamation of the Independence of Indonesia on August 17, 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) immediately set up the first Presidential Cabinet which in the first cabinet didn't have a Minister of Defense. The function of the State Defense at that time was at the Minister of Public Security. On October 6, 1945, Supriyadi was declared Minister of Public Security. However, he never appeared, and on 20 October was replaced by interim minister Imam Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo.[6]

During the time of the First Sjahrir Cabinet, the function of the state defense was also under the authority of the Minister of Public Security, held by Mr. Amir Sjarifoeddin. However, in the Second Sjahrir Cabinet, the People's Security Minister was renamed as the Minister of Defense who still remained in office was Amir Sjarifuddin. At the time of Mr. Amir Sjarifuddin became prime minister, the defense minister is held also by the prime minister. In the period of the First Hatta Cabinet, when the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia was in an emergency state due to the pressure of the Dutch forces, the Vice President Mohammad Hatta served as interim minister of defense.

New Order

In the First Development Cabinet, the Minister of Defense and Security was held by the Indonesian President Gen. Soeharto. Only later on the Second Development Cabinet and subsequently, the function of state defense was always united with the security function and was under the Ministry of Defense and Security where the Minister of Defense and Security would if needed serve concurrently as Commander of the Armed Forces (Panglima ABRI) (this was the case four times during Soeharto's presidency). In 1985, as part of a wide reorganization of the armed forces, military appointments to posts of ministers and below began to phased out, allowing retired officers and civilians to serve in the ministry and operational control over the Armed Forces was passed directly to the office of the President.

Reformation

On 1 July 2000, the Ministry of Defense reformed itself with the separation of the TNI and the Polri[7] and also separated the positions in which the Minister of Defense can be of a civilian background, and can no longer concurrently serve as the TNI Commander (Panglima). Regulation through defense is regulated through Law no. 3 of 2002 on State Defense and Law no. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Armed Forces.[8][9] Law no. 3 of 2002 on State Defense Article 16 further stipulates the responsibilities of the Minister of Defense, as follows:[8]

  1. Minister leads the Ministry of Defense.
  2. The Minister assists the President in formulating the general policy of state defense.
  3. The Minister shall stipulate a policy on the implementation of state defense based on the general policy set by the President.
  4. The Minister compiles the defense white paper and establishes bilateral, regional and international cooperation policies in its field.
  5. The Minister formulates a general policy of using the power of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and other defense components.
  6. The Minister shall determine the policy of budgeting, procurement, recruitment, management of national resources, as well as the development of technology and defense industries required by the Indonesian Armed Forces and other defense force components.
  7. The minister works with the heads of ministries and other government agencies and develops and implements strategic planning for the management of national resources for defense purposes.

Pursuant to Article 18 Paragraph 4, the Commander of the National Armed Forces shall be responsible to the President in the use of the state defense component and cooperate with the Minister in meeting the needs of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.[8]

Task and Duties

The Ministry of Defense has the task of organizing defense affairs in the government to assist the President in organizing state administrations. In carrying out its duties, the Ministry of Defense performs the functions of:

  1. Formulation, determination, and implementation of policies in the field of defense
  2. Management of state property which is the responsibility of the Ministry of Defense
  3. Supervision on the implementation of duties within the Ministry of Defense
  4. Implementation of technical activities from central to regional

Organization

The Minister of Defense, by Presidential Regulation No. 58/2015,[10] is the head of the Ministry of Defense, the principal assistant to the president in all matters concerning national defense, and has authority and control over the Ministry of Defense. Because the Constitution vests all military authority in the People's Representative Council and the president, the statutory authority in the Minister of Defense is derived from their constitutional authorities. Since it is impractical for the People's Representative Council and the president to participate in every piece of matters relating to national defense, the Minister of Defense, and the Minister's subordinate officials generally exercise national defense authority.

The organizational structure of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia according to Defense Ministerial Regulation No. 14/2019 is as follows:[11]

Leadership elements
  • Minister of Defense (Menteri Pertahanan); and
  • Deputy Minister of Defense (Wakil Menteri Pertahanan)

Secretariat
  • Secretariat General (Sekretariat Jenderal), headed by a Secretary General, tasked with coordinating duties, organizational management, and providing administrative support for the entire Ministry. The Secretariat General is organized into the following bureaus:
    • Office of the Secretary General of Defense
    • Bureau of Planning and Finance
    • Bureau of Human Resources
    • Bureau of Legal Affairs
    • Bureau of Administrative Affairs and Protocols
    • Bureau of General Affairs
    • Bureau of Public Relations
    • Bureau of Organization and Organizational Governance
    • Bureau of Defense Legislation

Inspectorate
  • Inspectorate General (Inspektorat Jenderal), headed by an Inspector General, tasked with internal monitoring within the Ministry. The Inspectorate General headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Secretariat of the Inspectorate-General;
    • Inspectorate I, overseeing Defense Planning, Defense Power, Defense Facilities, Education and Training, Strategic Defense Installations, Defense Worthiness, and western representative offices of the Ministry;
    • Inspectorate II, overseeing the Secretariat General, Defense Strategy, Defense Potential, Research and Development, Data and Information, Defense Finance, the Defense University, and eastern representative offices of the Ministry;
    • Inspectorate III, overseeing the finances of the Armed Forces Headquarters and the Air Force;
    • Inspectorate IV, overseeing the finances of the Army; and
    • Inspectorate V, overseeing the finances of the Navy, the Welfare, Education, and Housing Foundation (Yayasan Kesejahteraan Pendidikan dan Perumahan), and the Armed Forces insurance corporation.

Directorates-General
  • Directorate General of Defense Strategy (Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of defense strategy of the state. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Secretariat of the Directorate General;
    • Directorate of Strategic Defense Policy;
    • Directorate of Defense Components Mobilization;
    • Directorate of Defense International Cooperation; and
    • Directorate of Regional Defense.
  • Directorate General of Defense Planning (Direktorat Jenderal Perencanaan Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of development planning and financial management of state defense. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Secretariat of the Directorate General;
    • Directorate of Defense Development Planning;
    • Directorate of Defense Program and Budget Planning;
    • Directorate of Budget Implementation Administration, and
    • Directorate of Program and Budget Control.
  • Directorate General of Defense Potential (Direktorat Jenderal Potensi Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of defense potentials. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Secretariat of the Directorate General;
    • Directorate of Civic Defense;
    • Directorate of Defense Resource;
    • Directorate of Defense Industry and Technology, and
    • Directorate of Veterans' Affairs.
  • Directorate General of Defense Power (Direktorat Jenderal Kekuatan Pertahanan), headed by a Director General, tasked with formulating and implementing Indonesian defense policy in the form of defense power. The DG headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Secretariat of the Directorate General;
    • Directorate of Human Resources;
    • Directorate of Materials;
    • Directorate of Facilities and Services, and
    • Directorate of Health.

Agencies
  • Defense Facilities Agency (Badan Sarana Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with the management of defense facilities. The Agency headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Agency Secretariat;
    • Defense Equipment Center;
    • Construction Center;
    • Codification Center; and
    • State Property Center.
  • Defense Research and Development Agency (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan), headed by a chief, tasked with defense research and development effort. The Agency headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Agency Secretariat;
    • Defense Strategy Research and Development Center;
    • Defense Resource Research and Development Center;
    • Defense Science and Technology Research and Development Center; and
    • Defense Equipment Research and Development Center.
  • Defense Education and Training Agency (Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan), headed by a chief, tasked with implementing defense education and training. The Agency headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Agency Secretariat;
    • Defense Management Education and Training Center;
    • Defense Functionary Technical Education and Training Center; and
    • Civic Defense Education and Training Center;
  • Strategic Defense Installation Agency (Badan Instalasi Strategis Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with the management of strategic installations, cyber defense, and defense information. The Agency headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Agency Secretariat;
    • Regional Management Center;
    • Cyber Defense Center; and
    • Strategic Defense Information Center

Advisors
  • Advisor to the Minister on Political Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Politik), advises the Minister on matter of political affairs;
  • Advisor to the Minister on Economic Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Ekonomi), advises the Minister on matter of economic affairs;
  • Advisor to the Minister on Social Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Sosial), advises the Minister on matter of social affairs;
  • Advisor to the Minister on Security Affairs (Staf Ahli bidang Keamanan), advises the Minister on matter of security affairs.

Centers
  • Defense Worthiness Center (Pusat Kelaikan), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on design certification, product worthiness, and quality control and assurances. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Central Administration;
    • Indonesian Military Landworthiness Authority;
    • Indonesian Military Seaworthiness Authority;
    • Indonesian Military Airworthiness Authority; and
    • Functionary group
  • Defense Data and Information Center (Pusat Data dan Informasi), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on the development and management of defense information system, defense IT and communication infrastructure, defense information and cypher system security, as well as fostering the Ministry's IT and cypher functionaries. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Central Administration;
    • Defense Information System Development and Management Section;
    • IT and Communications Infrastructure Section;
    • Defense Information System and Cypher Security; and
    • Functionary group
  • Defense Rehabilitation Center (Pusat Rehabilitasi), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, and hospitalization of veterans and wounded personnel of the Armed Forces. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Central Administration;
    • Medical Rehabilitation Section;
    • Vocational Rehabilitation Section;
    • Social Rehabilitation Section; and
    • Functionary group
  • Defense Financial Monitoring and Management Center (Pusat Pelaporan dan Pembinaan Keuangan Pertahanan), headed by a chief, tasked with providing support for the Ministry and other related agencies on financial management and administration, as well as on defense resource utilization. The Center headed several subsections, as follows:
    • Central Administration;
    • Accounting and Financial Reporting Section;
    • Financial Administration Section;
    • Defense Financial Control Section; and
    • Functionary group

List of ministers
Minister of Defense
Menteri Pertahanan
Incumbent
Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Prabowo Subianto
since 23 October 2019
AppointerPresident of Indonesia
Inaugural holderSoeprijadi
Formation19 August 1945
First holder
Websitewww.kemhan.go.id
# Name Office Term Cabinet Notes
Term start Term end
1 Supriyadi 2 September 1945 20 October 1945 Presidential Cabinet
  • The office were first named 'Minister of People's Security' (Menteri Keamanan Rakyat)
  • Supriyadi never appeared in Jakarta to accept the appointment. He was to be considered missing until 9 August 1975 when he was declared National Hero of Indonesia, an award only bestowed posthumously.
— Imam Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo 20 October 1945 14 November 1945 Presidential Cabinet
  • Suliyoadikusumo held the office ad interim.
2 Amir Syarifuddin Harahap 14 November 1945 12 March 1946 First Sjahrir Cabinet
12 March 1946 2 October 1946 Second Sjahrir Cabinet
  • During Sjahrir's second cabinet, the office were renamed 'Minister of Defense' (Menteri Pertahanan).
2 October 1946 26 June 1947 Third Sjahrir Cabinet
3 July 1947 11 November 1947 First Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet
  • Sjarifuddin held the office concurrently as both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.
11 November 1947 23 January 1948 Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet
— Mohammad Hatta 29 January 1948 15 July 1948 First Hatta Cabinet
  • Hatta held the office concurrently as Vice President, Prime Minister, and ad interim Minister of Defense.
3 Hamengkubuwana IX 15 July 1948 4 August 1949 First Hatta Cabinet
— Syafruddin Prawiranegara 19 December 1948 13 July 1949 Syafruddin Emergency Cabinet
  • Prawiranegara held the office concurrently as Chairman of the Emergency Government and Minister of Defense
(3) Hamengkubuwana IX 9 August 1949 20 December 1949 Second Hatta Cabinet
20 December 1949 6 June 1950 Federal Cabinet
4 Abdul Halim 6 June 1950 17 December 1950 Natsir Cabinet
  • Halim resigned from his post as of 17 December 1950 due to illness.
— Mohammad Natsir 17 December 1950 27 April 1951 Natsir Cabinet
  • Following Halim's resignation, Natsir held the office concurrently as Prime Minister and ad interim Minister of Defense.
5 Sewaka 9 May 1951 3 April 1952 Sukiman Cabinet
(3) Hamengkubuwana IX 3 April 1952 2 June 1953 Wilopo Cabinet
  • Hamengkubuwana IX resigned from his post as of 2 June 1953.
6 Wilopo 2 June 1953 30 July 1953 Wilopo Cabinet
  • Following Hamengkubuwana IX's resignation, Wilopo held the office concurrently as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.
7 Iwa Kusumasumantri 30 July 1953 13 July 1955 First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
  • Iwa resigned from his post as of 13 July 1955. The office remained vacant until the next cabinet.
8 Burhanuddin Harahap 12 August 1955 24 March 1956 Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet
  • Harahap held the office concurrently as both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.
9 Ali Sastroamidjojo 24 March 1956 9 April 1957 Second Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
  • Sastroamidjojo held the office concurrently as both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.
10 Djuanda Kartawidjaja 9 April 1957 10 July 1959 Djuanda Cabinet
  • Djuanda held the office concurrently as both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.
11 Abdul Haris Nasution 10 July 1959 18 February 1960 First Working Cabinet
  • During the First Working Cabinet, the office were renamed 'Minister of Security and Defense' (Menteri Keamanan dan Pertahanan).
18 February 1960 6 March 1962 Second Working Cabinet
  • Later during the Second Working Cabinet, it was renamed again as 'Minister of National Security' (Menteri Keamanan Nasional).
6 March 1962 13 November 1963 Third Working Cabinet
  • The office were reorganized during the Third Working Cabinet, with the office merged into 'Deputy First Minister/Defense and Security Coordinator' (Wakil Menteri Pertama/Koordinator Pertahanan/Keamanan). Nasution also held the post with the office of 'Minister/Army Chief of Staff' (Menteri/Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat).
  • It would be renamed again on 22 January 1962 as 'Deputy First Minister/Minister/Army Chief of Staff' (Wakil Menteri Pertama/Menteri/Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat).
13 November 1963 27 August 1964 Fourth Working Cabinet
27 August 1964 24 February 1966 Dwikora Cabinet
  • Another changes occurred during the original Dwikora Cabinet, when it was renamed Coordinating 'Minister/Armed Forces Chief of Staff' (Menteri Koordinator/Kepala Staf Angkatan Bersenjata), as Nasution were appointed chief of staff of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, separated from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, whose commanders were also elevated to Minister.
12 Sarbini Martodihardjo 24 February 1966 28 March 1966 Revised Dwikora Cabinet
  • On 24 February 1966, Nasution were removed from his cabinet post and the office of armed forces chief of staff were abolished.
  • The office were renamed 'Coordinating Minister on Defense and Security' (Menteri Koordinator Pertahanan dan Keamanan).
13 Suharto 28 March 1966 25 July 1966 Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet
  • The office were elevated into the office of 'Deputy Prime Minister on Defense and Security' (Wakil Perdana Menteri Pertahanan dan Keamanan).
  • Suharto also concurrently held the office of 'Minister/Commander of the Army' (Menteri/Panglima Angkatan Darat).
25 July 1966 17 October 1967 Ampera Cabinet
  • The office were renamed as 'Chief Minister on Defense and Security' (Menteri Utama bidang Pertahanan dan Keamanan).
  • Suharto also concurrently held the office of Cabinet Presidium (essentially the head of government).
  • Since 12 March 1967, Suharto was appointed Acting President after Sukarno was removed from the presidency.
17 October 1967 6 June 1968 Revised Ampera Cabinet
  • Suharto held the office concurrently as the Commander of the Armed Forces (Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata).
  • Since 27 March 1968, Suharto's acting presidency ended and he was formally sworn in as President.
6 June 1968 9 September 1971 First Development Cabinet
  • The office were restored as 'Minister of Defense and Security' (Menteri Pertahanan dan Keamanan).
  • Suharto held the office concurrently as President, Minister of Defense and Security, and Commander of the Armed Forces.
14 Maraden Panggabean 9 September 1971 28 March 1973 First Development Cabinet
  • Panggabean held the office concurrently as Minister of Defense and Security as well as Commander of the Armed Forces.
28 March 1973 29 March 1978 Second Development Cabinet
15 Mohammad Jusuf 31 March 1978 19 March 1983 Third Development Cabinet
  • Jusuf held the office concurrently as Minister of Defense and Security as well as Commander of the Armed Forces.
16 Poniman 19 March 1983 21 March 1988 Fourth Development Cabinet
17 Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani 21 March 1988 17 March 1993 Fifth Development Cabinet
18 Edi Sudrajat 17 March 1993 14 March 1998 Sixth Development Cabinet
  • Until 21 May 1993, Sudrajat also held the post of Commander of the Armed Forces.
  • Meanwhile Sudrajat also, until 23 March 1993, held the post of Army Chief of Staff.
  • Between his appointment to the cabinet on 17 March 1993 until 23 March 1993, he was the only person to held the office of Minister of Defense and Security, Commander of the Armed Forces, and Army Chief of Staff at the same time.
19 Wiranto 14 March 1998 21 May 1998 Seventh Development Cabinet
  • Wiranto held the office concurrently as Minister of Defense and Security as well as Commander of the Armed Forces.
23 May 1998 20 October 1999 Development Reform Cabinet
20 Juwono Sudarsono 29 October 1999 26 August 2000 National Unity Cabinet
  • The office were renamed 'Minister of Defense' (Menteri Pertahanan).
21 Mahfud M.D. 26 August 2000 20 July 2001 National Unity Cabinet
22 Agum Gumelar 20 July 2001 23 July 2001 National Unity Cabinet
  • Gumelar held the post concurrently as Coordinating Minister of Political, Social, and Security Affairs, as well as Minister of Defense.
23 Matori Abdul Jalil 10 August 2001 20 October 2004 Mutual Assistance Cabinet
(20) Juwono Sudarsono 21 October 2004 20 October 2009 First United Indonesia Cabinet
24 Purnomo Yusgiantoro 22 October 2009 20 October 2014 Second United Indonesia Cabinet
25 Ryamizard Ryacudu 27 October 2014 20 October 2019 Working Cabinet
26 Prabowo Subianto 23 October 2019 incumbent Onward Indonesia Cabinet

Seal
  • Seal of the Ministry of Defense (c. 2005–20 January 2022)
  • Flag of the Ministry of Defense (????-20 January 2022)
  • Seal of the Ministry of Defense (from 20 January 2022)

See also

References
  1. "Ini 10 Instansi Dengan Jumlah PNS Terbanyak". jpnn.com. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  2. "Indonesia Military Strength". Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  3. Prasetia, Andhika; Rizqo, Kanavino Ahmad (23 October 2019). "Kenalkan Prabowo Jadi Menhan, Jokowi: Beliau Lebih Tahu Tugasnya dari Saya" ["We present Prabowo Subianto as the defense minister, he knows hes tasks more than me" (Jokowi states)]. Detik.com. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  4. Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (23 October 2019). "Indonesian President Jokowi announces new Cabinet". Straits Times. The Straits Times. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  5. Article 8 of The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia  – via Wikisource.
  6. P. N. H. Simanjuntak (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Start of Independence to the Reform Era]. Jakarta: Djambatan. p. 18. ISBN 9789794284995.
  7. "Ketetapan MPR Nomor VI/MPR/2000 Tahun 2000 Pemisahan Tentara Nasional Indonesia Dan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia". People's Consultative Assembly Decision No. VI/MPR/2000 of 2000 (in Indonesian). People's Consultative Assembly.
  8. "Undang Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara". Law No. 3 of 2002 (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.
  9. "Undang Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia". Law No. 34 of 2004 (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.
  10. "Perpres No. 58 Tahun 2015 tentang Kementerian Pertahanan [JDIH BPK RI]". Presidential Regulation No. 58 of 2015.
  11. "Permenhan No. 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Pertahanan". Defense Minister Regulation No. 14 of 2019.
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