Midrarid dynasty
The Midrarid dynasty (Arabic: بنو مدرار, romanized: Banu Midrār) was a Berber dynasty that ruled the Sijilmasa region in Morocco from their capital of Sijilmasa, starting in the late 8th or early 9th century to 976/7.
Emirate of Sijilmasa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 757–976 | |||||||||
 Emirate of Sijilmassa (green) | |||||||||
| Capital | Sijilmasa | ||||||||
| Common languages | Berber | ||||||||
| Religion | Sufri Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 757–772 | Abu Kasim | ||||||||
• 963–976 | Abdallah | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Sijilmasa built | 757 | ||||||||
• Almoravid annexation | 976 | ||||||||
| Currency | Midrar | ||||||||
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| History of Morocco |
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 Morocco portal |
History
The exact origin or date of foundation of the Midrarid dynasty are unclear, as the main sources—in the main, al-Bakri, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Idhari, and Qadi al-Nu'man—are not in agreement over the details, and two different traditions are reported.[1] According to the first, the family was founded by a Sufri Miknasa Berber, Samgu ibn Wasul. Samgu led the establishment of the town of Sijilmasa in 757/8, and in 772, became its second ruler.[1] According to the second version, the dynasty was established by a smith called Midrar, who fled the suppression of the Ribad revolt in Córdoba against al-Hakam I in 818, and settled at the site where Sijilmasa was later established.[1] According to Charles Pellat, it is clear that Sijilmasa was already in existence by the late 8th century, but on the other hand, the arrival of Midrar in c. 823/4 tallies with the frequently repeated statement by the medieval sources that the dynasty lasted for 160 years, and the fact that a person of that name, which the dynasty is named after, is not mentioned before then.[1] It therefore appears that the Midrarid dynasty either appeared in 823/4, or likely was a separate line descended from Samgu, but any such connection is tentative.[2]
List of rulers of Sijilmasa
Wasulids
- Isa ibn Mazyad al-Aswad 757/8–772
- Abu'l-Qasim Samgu ibn Wasul al-Miknasi 772–784/5
- Abu'l-Wazir al-Yas ibn Abi'l-Qasim 785–790/1
- Abu'l-Muntasir al-Yasa ibn Abi'l-Qasim 790/1–823/4
Midrarids
- Midrar ibn Yasah, known as al-Muntasir (victorious), 823/4–867
- Maymun ibn Rustumiyya, 867
- Maymun ibn Thakiyya, 867
- Muntasir ibn Yasah, 867 (second time)
- Maymun ibn Thakiyya, 867–877 (second time)
- Muhammad ibn Maymun, 877–883
- Yasah ibn Midrar, 883–909
- Wasul ibn Thakiyya, 909–913
- Ahmad ibn Thakiyya, 913–921
- Muhammad Mutazz ibn Saru, 921–933 / 934
- Muhammad ibn Muhammad, 933 / 934–942 / 943
- Samgu ibn Muhammad, 942/943
- Muhammad ibn Wasul 942 / 943–958
- Samgu ibn Muhammad (Muntasir Billah), 958–963
- Abd Allah ibn Muhammad, 963–976
References
- Pellat 1991, p. 1038.
- Pellat 1991, pp. 1038–1039.
Sources
- Love, Paul M. Jr. (2010). "The Sufris of Sijilmasa: Toward a history of the Midrarids". The Journal of North African Studies. 15 (2): 173–188. doi:10.1080/13629380902734136.
- Pellat, Ch. (1991). "Midrār". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1038–1042. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- Terrasse, M. (1997). "Sid̲j̲ilmāsa". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 545–546. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.