List of marine ecoregions
The following is a list of marine ecoregions, as defined by the WWF and The Nature Conservancy
The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme groups the individual ecoregions into 12 marine realms, which represent the broad latitudinal divisions of polar, temperate, and tropical seas, with subdivisions based on ocean basins. The marine realms are subdivided into 62 marine provinces, which include one or more of the 232 marine ecoregions.
The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme currently encompasses only coastal and continental shelf areas.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
Arctic realm
(no provinces identified)
- North Greenland
- North and East Iceland
- East Greenland Shelf
- West Greenland Shelf
- Northern Grand Banks-Southern Labrador
- Northern Labrador
- Baffin Bay-Davis Strait
- Hudson Complex
- Lancaster Sound
- High Arctic Archipelago
- Beaufort-Admunsen-Viscount Melville-Queen Maud
- Beaufort Sea-continental coast and shelf
- Chukchi Sea
- Eastern Bering Sea
- East Siberian Sea
- Laptev Sea
- Kara Sea
- North and East Barents Sea
- White Sea
Temperate Northern Atlantic
Northern European Seas
- South and West Iceland
- Faroe Plateau
- Southern Norway
- Northern Norway and Finnmark
- Baltic Sea
- North Sea
- Celtic Seas
Lusitanian
- South European Atlantic Shelf
- Saharan Upwelling
- Azores Canaries Madeira
Mediterranean Sea
- Adriatic Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Levantine Sea
- Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sidra
- Ionian Sea
- Western Mediterranean
- Alboran Sea
Black Sea
Cold Temperate Northwest Atlantic
- Gulf of St. Lawrence-Eastern Scotian Shelf
- Southern Grand Banks-South Newfoundland
- Scotian Shelf
- Gulf of Maine-Bay of Fundy
- Virginian
Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic
- Carolinian
- Northern Gulf of Mexico
Temperate Northern Pacific
Cold Temperate Northwest Pacific
- Sea of Okhotsk
- Kamchatka Shelf and Coast
- Oyashio Current
- Northern Honshu
- Sea of Japan
- Yellow Sea
Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific
- Central Kuroshio Current
- East China Sea
Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific
- Aleutian Islands
- Gulf of Alaska
- North American Pacific Fjordland
- Puget Trough/Georgia Basin
- Oregon, Washington, Vancouver Coast and Shelf
- Northern California
Tropical Atlantic
Tropical Northwestern Atlantic
- Bermuda
- Bahamian
- Eastern Caribbean
- Greater Antilles
- Southern Caribbean
- Southwestern Caribbean
- Western Caribbean
- Southern Gulf of Mexico
- Floridian
North Brazil Shelf
- Guianian
- Amazonia
Tropical Southwestern Atlantic
- Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Islands
- Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas
- Northeastern Brazil
- Eastern Brazil
- Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands
St. Helena and Ascension Islands
West African Transition
- Cape Verde
- Sahelian Upwelling
Gulf of Guinea
- Gulf of Guinea West
- Gulf of Guinea Upwelling
- Gulf of Guinea Central
- Gulf of Guinea Islands
- Gulf of Guinea South
- Angolan
Western Indo-Pacific
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
- Northern and Central Red Sea
- Southern Red Sea
- Gulf of Aden
Somali/Arabian
- Persian Gulf
- Gulf of Oman
- Western Arabian Sea
- Central Somali Coast
Western Indian Ocean
- Northern Monsoon Current Coast
- East African Coral Coast
- Seychelles
- Cargados Carajos/Tromelin Island
- Mascarene Islands
- Southeast Madagascar
- Western and Northern Madagascar
- Bight of Sofala/Swamp Coast
- Delagoa
West and South Indian Shelf
- Western India
- South India and Sri Lanka
Bay of Bengal
- Eastern India
- Northern Bay of Bengal
Andaman Sea
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Andaman Sea Coral Coast
- Western Sumatra
Central Indo-Pacific
South China Sea
- Gulf of Tonkin
- Southern China
- South China Sea Oceanic Islands
Sunda Shelf
- Gulf of Thailand
- Southern Vietnam
- Sunda Shelf/Java Sea
- Malacca Strait
Java Transitional
- Southern Java
- Cocos-Keeling/Christmas Island
South Kuroshio
- South Kuroshio
Tropical Northwestern Pacific
- Ogasawara Islands
- Mariana Islands
- East Caroline Islands
- West Caroline Islands
Western Coral Triangle
- Palawan/North Borneo
- Eastern Philippines
- Sulawesi Sea/Makassar Strait
- Halmahera
- Papua
- Banda Sea
- Lesser Sunda
- Northeast Sulawesi
Eastern Coral Triangle
- Bismarck Sea
- Solomon Archipelago
- Solomon Sea
- Southeast Papua New Guinea
Northeast Australian Shelf
- Torres Strait and Northern Great Barrier Reef
- Central and Southern Great Barrier Reef
Northwest Australian Shelf
Tropical Southwestern Pacific
Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands
- Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands
Eastern Indo-Pacific
Hawaii
Marshall, Gilbert, and Ellice Islands
Central Polynesia
Southeast Polynesia
- Tuamotus
- Rapa-Pitcairn
- Southern Cook/Austral Islands
- Society Islands
Marquesas
Easter Island
Tropical Eastern Pacific
Tropical East Pacific
- Revillagigedos
- Clipperton
- Mexican Tropical Pacific
- Chiapas-Nicaragua
- Nicoya
- Cocos Islands
- Panama Bight
- Guayaquil
Galapagos
- Northern Galapagos Islands
- Eastern Galapagos Islands
- Western Galapagos Islands
Temperate South America
Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific
- Central Peru
- Humboldtian
- Central Chile
- Araucanian
Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas
- Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas
Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic
- Southeastern Brazil
- Rio Grande
- Rio de la Plata
- Uruguay-Buenos Aires Shelf
Magellanic
- North Patagonian Gulfs
- Patagonian Shelf
- Falkland Islands
- Channels and Fjords of Southern Chile
- Chiloense
Temperate Australasia
Northern New Zealand
- Kermadec Islands (195)
- Northeastern New Zealand (196)
- Three Kings-North Cape (197)
Southern New Zealand
- Chatham Island (198)
- Central New Zealand (199)
- South New Zealand (200)
- Snares Island (201)
East Central Australian Shelf
- Tweed–Moreton (202)
- Manning–Hawkesbury (203)
Southeast Australian Shelf
- Cape Howe (204)
- Bassian (205)
- Western Bassian (206)
Southwest Australian Shelf
- South Australian Gulfs (207)
- Great Australian Bight (208)
- Leeuwin (209)
Western Central Australian Shelf
- Shark Bay (210)
- Houtman (211)
See also
Notes
- One classification of the deep oceans is PPOW:
Spalding, Mark D.; Agostini, Vera N.; Rice, Jake; Grant, Susie M. (2012). "Pelagic provinces of the world: A biogeographic classification of the world's surface pelagic waters". Ocean & Coastal Management. 60: 19–30. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.12.016.
- Ocean-floor environments are examined in Watling, et al. 2013:
Watling, Les; Guinotte, John; Clark, Malcolm R.; Smith, Craig R. (April 2013). "A proposed biogeography of the deep ocean floor" (PDF). Progress in Oceanography. 111: 91–112. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.11.003.
References
- Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marine ecosystems. |
- World Wildlife Fund—WWF: Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW)
- Queries listing ecoregions and provinces from Wikidata
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