Lotería

In the United States, Lotería (Spanish word meaning "lottery") is the brand of the traditional game of chance published by Don Clemente Jacques in 1887, registered as a trademark to Pasatiempos Gallo S.A. de C.V. and subsequently assigned to Marta Maria Sanchez Quiroz (U.S. Registration Number 3029671 https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4802:akgygn.2.1). The Mexican game is also sold under the trademark, “Don Clemente Juego de la Loteria®” (U.S. Registration Number 2317479 https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4802:akgygn.3.1), as well as the trademark “LOTERIA DON CLEMENTE SINCE 1887®” (U.S. Registration Number 5003661 https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4802:akgygn.4.1). The game is similar to bingo, but uses images on a deck of cards instead of numbered ping pong balls. Every image has a name and an assigned number, but the number is usually ignored. Each player has at least one tabla, a board with a randomly created 4 x 4 grid of pictures with their corresponding name and number. Players choose a tabla (Spanish word for "board") to play with, from a variety of previously created tablas, each with a different selection of images. The traditional card deck is composed of a set of 54 different cards, each with a different picture. In the U.S. each images is a registered of Martha Maria Sanchez Quiroz. To start the game, the caller (cantor, Spanish for "singer") shuffles the deck. One by one, the caller picks a card from the deck and announces it to the players by its name, sometimes using a verse before reading the card name. Each player locates the matching pictogram of the card just announced on their board and marks it off with a chip or other kind of marker. In Mexico, it is traditional to use small rocks, crown corks or pinto beans as markers. The winner is the first player that shouts "¡Buena!" or "¡Lotería!" right after completing a tabla or a previous agreed pattern: row, column, diagonal, or a pozo.

This article is about the Mexican game. For the horse racing event, see Gran Premio Lotteria. For the fast food chain, see Lotteria.
Not to be confused with the national lottery in Spanish-speaking nations (i.e. Lotería Nacional).
Lotería
Lotería boards
Other namesMexican bingo,[1] Chalupa
LanguagesSpanish
Random chanceHigh
Materials requiredcards

History

The origin of game bearing the brand lotería can be traced far back in history. The game originated in Italy in the 15th century and was brought to New Spain (modern Mexico) in 1769. In the beginning, this game was a hobby of the upper classes,[1] but eventually it became a tradition at Mexican fairs. Don Clemente Jacques began publishing the game in 1887.[1] His version of the game was distributed to Mexican soldiers along with their rations and supplies.[2] The images Don Clemente used in his card designs have become iconic in Mexican culture, as well as gaining popularity in the U.S. and some European countries. Don Clemente's cards also had a part in representing and normalizing different aspects of Mexico's national identity during the 19th century. This can be seen with the card of El Soldado (Spanish for "the soldier") which was used as a symbol to reference war as a part of Mexico's national identity during that time.[3] Many of the pictures used in Don Clemente's lotería resemble the Major Arcana of Tarot cards used for divination (which, in turn, are based on cards used in Tarot card games).[2] Other manufacturers of this bingo card game tried to register brands containing the term “Loteria” for their versions of the Mexican bingo game but all the applications were abandoned, see “Loteria Gacela” (https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4804:gdya4t.3.1) and “Lotería Mi Tierra” (https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=88096407&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch).


Alternative versions

Lotería de Pozo is used in connection with a variant version of the traditional Mexican game, where the basic rules apply. For this version, before the game begins, players agree on how many pozos are to be completed in a row, column or diagonal pattern. A Pozo is a group of images in a square. The square may contain 2 x 2 (4) or 3 x 3 (9) images[4] for a traditional tabla. During the 1930s, the Roman Catholic church came up with its own version of the Mexican game of chances, most likely because of the connections between Don Clemente's popular images and Tarot cards; divination and fortune-telling are prohibited by Catholic doctrine.[5] This alternative cards deck consisted of Catholic images instead of the traditional images used in the original game, likely allowing devout Catholics a way to enjoy the game without those "sinful" connotations and giving the Church a way to teach its beliefs by way of this game.[1] With the rise of online gaming and app-based gaming, electronic versions of the traditional game allow computer users to play an online version of the Mexican game.[6]


Cards and associated verses
Catrina in Chapala, Jalisco with dress of lotería cards

The following is a list of the original 54 lotería cards, traditionally and broadly recognized in Mexico. Below each card name and number, are the verses (in Spanish) sometimes used to tell the players which card was drawn. However, there are several less traditional sets of cards, depicting different objects or animals.

Google tribute

On December 9, 2019, Google celebrated Lotería with a Google Doodle.[2] The interactive game has the El Apache, El borracho, El diablito, El gorrito, La muerte, El negrito, El soldado, and El valiente cards replaced with El ajolote ("the axolotl"), El buscador ("the search engine"), La concha ("the conch"), El elote ("the fresh ear of corn"), El emoji ("the emoji"), El gorro ("the cap"), El guacamole ("the guacamole"), and El xoloitzcuintle ("the hairless dog").[2] Artworks for La sirena and El guacamole cards not found during the game can still be seen in the background of the end screen.

Film adaptation

In July 2021, Netflix announced a film adaptation based around the game with James Bobin set to direct and Eugenio Derbez in a leading role.[3]

References
  1. Villegas, Teresa. "History of La Lotería" Archived 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, www.teresavillegas.com
  2. "Celebrating Lotería!". Google. 9 December 2019. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  3. Malkin, Mark (July 15, 2021). "Eugenio Derbez to Star in Netflix Family Film Inspired by Lotería Card Game". Variety. Retrieved July 16, 2021.

Further reading
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