List of twisted buildings

Buildings can appear to be twisted by design, where the twisting (torsion, helix, etc.) is structural rather than merely an ornamental detail. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat defines a twisting building as one that progressively rotates its floor plates or its façade as it gains height.[1] There are 15 spiralled skyscrapers, and 13 more are under construction.[2]

Turning Torso, in Malmö, is regarded as the first twisted tower or building.[3] It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and was completed in 2005.[4] When completed, Diamond Tower will be the only building to twist a full 360 degrees along its height. F&F Tower, in Panama City, holds the record for the tightest twist, that is, the highest average rotation per floor, at 5.943 degrees across each of its 53 floors; and as of 2017, it is the completed building with the highest total rotation, with 315 degrees.[3]

List of tallest twisted buildings

The following list includes completed or topped-out buildings sorted by height.[3] Buildings under construction are shaded in grey.

Rank Image Name City Height in m (ft) Floor count Completion year Average floor rotation Total rotation
1 Shanghai Tower Shanghai, China 632 m (2,073 ft) 128 2015 0.938° 120°
2 Lakhta Center Saint Petersburg, Russia 462 m (1,516 ft) 86 2019 1.047° 90°
3 Diamond Tower Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 432 m (1,417 ft) 93 2025 3.871° 360°
4 Ocean Heights Dubai, United Arab Emirates 310 m (1,020 ft) 83 2010 0.482° 40°
5 Cayan Tower Dubai, United Arab Emirates 306 m (1,004 ft) 73 2013 1.233° 90°
6 Supernova Spira Noida, India 300 m (980 ft) 80 2021 1.825° 146°
7 Shimao Qianhai Center Shenzhen, China 294.3 m (966 ft) 63 2020 0.714° 45°
8 Crown Sydney Sydney, Australia 271.3 m (890 ft) 75 2020 0.8° 60°
9 Regent Emirates Pearl Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 255 m (837 ft) 52 2016 0.481° 25°
10 Ningbo Bank of China Headquarters Ningbo, China 246 m (807 ft) 50 2016 1.2° 60°
11 Evolution Tower Moscow, Russia 246 m (807 ft) 55 2015 2.836° 156°
12 F&F Tower Panama City, Panama 243 m (797 ft) 53 2011 5.943° 315°
13 Azrieli Sarona Tower Tel Aviv, Israel 238.5 m (782 ft) 61 2017
14 Al Majdoul Tower Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 244.55 m (802.3 ft) 54 2019 2.5° 135°
15 Al Tijaria Tower Kuwait City, Kuwait 218 m (715 ft) 41 2009 1.951° 80°
16 United Tower Manama, Bahrain 200 m (660 ft) 47 2016 3.83° 180°
17 Al Bidda Tower Doha, Qatar 197 m (646 ft) 44 2009 1.364° 60°
18 Turning Torso Malmö, Sweden 190 m (620 ft) 57 2005 1.579° 90°
19 Trump International Hotel and Tower Vancouver Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 188 m (617 ft) 63 2016 0.714° 45°
20 Generali Tower (lo Storto) Milan, Italy 177 m (581 ft) 44 2017 1.127° 49.6°
21 Absolute World (Building D) Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 176 m (577 ft) 56 2012 3.732° 209°
22 Avaz Twist Tower Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 172 m (564 ft) 40 2008 2.8° 90°
23 Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers Nagoya, Japan 170 m (560 ft) 38 2008 3° 114°
24 Absolute World (Building E) Mississauga, Canada 158 m (518 ft) 50 2012 4° 200°
25 Baltimore Tower London, United Kingdom 149 m (489 ft) 44 2017 2.182° 96°
26 Axis Towers (ka) Tbilisi, Georgia (country) 147 m (482 ft) 37 2020
27 The Point Guayaquil, Ecuador 137 m (449 ft) 36 2014 5.833° 210°
28 Sichuan Radio and Television Centre Chengdu, China 136 m (446 ft) 31 2010 2.903° 90°
29 Ayia Napa Marina Towers Ayia Napa, Cyprus 118 m (388 ft) 28 2020 3.2° 90°
30 PwC Tower Midrand, South Africa 106 m (348 ft) 26 TBA 1.154° 30°
31 Xiamen Suiwa Tower Xiamen, China 100 m (330 ft) 22 TBA 4.091° 90°
32 Grove at Grand Bay (north tower) Miami, United States 94 m (308 ft) 21 2016 1.843° 38.7°
Grove at Grand Bay (south tower)
33 Tao Zhu Yin Yuan Taipei, Taiwan 93 m (305 ft) 21 2018 4.286° 90°
34 Avian Tower Surabaya, Indonesia 84 m (276 ft) 20 2018 3° 60°

See also

References
  1. Frearson, Amy (2016-08-22). "World's tallest twisted towers revealed". Dezeen. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
  2. McCafferty, Georgia (August 25, 2016). "The world's tallest spiraled skyscrapers". CNN. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
  3. "Twisting Tall Buildings". CTBUH. August 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
  4. Varinsky, Dana (September 13, 2016). "11 of the most stunning twisted towers around the world". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
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