List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans
This list ranks the world's cable-stayed bridges by the length of main span, i.e. the distance between the suspension towers. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank cable-stayed bridges. If one bridge has a longer span than another, it does not mean that the bridge is the longer from shore to shore, or from anchorage to anchorage. However, the size of the main span does often correlate with the height of the towers, and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.
Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans are generally more complex, and bridges of this type generally represent a more notable engineering achievement, even where their spans are shorter.
Cable-stayed bridges have the second-longest spans, after suspension bridges, of bridge types. They are practical for spans up to around 1 kilometre (0.6 mi). The Russky Bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus in Vladivostok, Russia, with its 1,104 metres (3,622 ft) span, has the longest span of any cable-stayed bridge, displacing the former record holder, the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China 1,088 metres (3,570 ft) on 12 April 2012.
Completed cable-stayed bridges
This list of largest cable-stayed bridges includes all bridges with a main span of at least 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length. This list only includes bridges that carry vehicular traffic, such as automobiles or trains. It does not include suspension bridges, footbridges or pipeline bridges.
Cable-stayed bridges under construction
Name | span metre (m) |
Span feet (ft) |
Number of pylons |
Year to open |
Location | Country | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changtai Yangtze River Bridge | 1176 m | 3858 ft | Changzhou - Taizhou, Jiangsu 31°58′53″N 120°00′03″E | China | [44][45] | ||
Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge | 1160 m | 3806 ft | Jiangling, Hubei | China | [46] | ||
Maanshan Yangtze River Rail & Road Double Deck Bridge | 1120 m (x2) | 3675 ft | Ma'anshan, Hubei 31°35′38″N 118°23′31″E |
China | [47] | ||
Bailizhou Yangtze River Bridge | 890 m | 2920 ft | Zhijiang, Hubei | China | [48] | ||
Xiangshan Bridge | 880 m | 2887 ft | Zhongshan, Guangdong | China | [49] | ||
Gordie Howe International Bridge | 853 m | 2799 ft | Detroit to Windsor | United States/Canada | [51][52] | ||
Danjiangkou Reservoir Bridge | 760 m | 2493 ft | Shiyan, Hubei |
China | [53] | ||
Qinglongmen First Bridge | 756 m | 2479 ft | Ningbo - Zhoushan, Zhejiang | China | [54] | ||
Huangmaohai Bridge | 720 m (x2) | 2362 ft | Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong | China | [55] | ||
Gaolangang Bridge | 700 m | 2297 ft | Zhuhai-Taishan, Guangdong | China | [55] | ||
Xinshi Jinsha River Bridge | 680 m | 2231 | Pingshan, Sichuan - Suijiang, Yunnan | China | [56] | ||
Taoyaomen Rail Road Bridge | 666 m | 2185 ft | Cezi Island - Fuchi Island, Zhoushan 30°6′0.03″N 121°57′32.41″E |
China | [57] | ||
Yangmeizhou Bridge | 658 m | 2159 ft | Xiangtan, Hunan 27°50′16.4″N 112°52′59.1″E | China | [58] | ||
Shunde Bridge | 626 m | 2054 ft | Foshan, Guangdong | China | [59] | ||
Honglian Bridge | 580 m | 1903 ft | Guangzhou, Guangdong | China | [60] | ||
Shenzhong Corridor Zhongshan Bridge | 580 m | 1903 ft | Zhongshan, Guangdong 22°32′29″N 113°38′10″E |
China | [61] | ||
Fulong Xi River Bridge | 580 m | 1903 ft | Foshan, Guangdong 22°59′59″N 112°50′20″E |
China | [62] | ||
Gujin Expressway Chishuihe Bridge | 575 m | 1886 ft | Sichuan | China | [63] | ||
Huangjueping Yangtze River Bridge | 550 m | 1804 ft | Jiulongpo District - Nan'an District, Chongqing 29°29′25.2″N 106°32′53.6″E | China | [64] | ||
Yinzhouhu Bridge | 530 m | 1739 ft | Jiangmen, Guangdong 22°25′2.94″N 113°4′11.92″E |
China | [65] | ||
Rongshan Yangtze River Bridge | 530 m | 1739 ft | Hejiang, Sichuan | China | [66] | ||
Lingang Yangtze River Bridge | 522 m | 1713 ft | Yibin, Sichuan | China | [67] | ||
Hedong Yangtze River Bridge | 520 m | 1706 ft | Luzhou, Sichuan | China | [68] | ||
Hejiang Baisha Yangtze River Bridge | 520 m | 1706 ft | Hejiang, Sichuan | China | [69] | ||
Hongqimen Bridge | 520 m | 1706 ft | Guangzhou, Guangdong | China | [70] | ||
Anluo Expressway Yellow River Bridge | 520 m | 1706 ft | Yuanyang-Zhongmou, Guangdong | China | [71] | ||
Harbor Bridge Project | 506.4 m | 1661 ft | Corpus Christi, Texas | United States | [72] | ||
Malukou Zishui Bridge | 500 m | 1640 ft | Anhua, Hunan | China | [73] |
Planned and proposed bridges
Name | Main span |
Status | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nie Er Bridge | 1,056 m (3,465 ft) | proposed | Hainan to Guangdong, China | The bridge will cross the Qiongzhou Strait, and include two 1408 metre suspension spans and several 1056 metre cable-stayed spans.[74] |
Yangshan Zhoushan Bridge | 930 m (3,050 ft) | preliminary work |
Zhoushan to Yangshan, China | Sections of the bridge on Zhoushan Islands are under development |
Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge | 900 m (3,000 ft) | proposed | Bataan to Cavite, Philippines | The bridge includes a 32.15-kilometer-long, four-lane, cable-stayed bridge that will cross the Manila Bay and connect Barangay Alas-asin in Mariveles, Bataan, and Barangay Timalan, Naic, Cavite.[75] |
Fourth Panama Canal Bridge | 540 m (1,770 ft) | proposed | Balboa, Panama | Will support six vehicle lanes and the new line 3 of the Panama Metro.[76] |
Longest cable-stayed bridge decks
The definition of cable-stayed bridge deck length used here is: A continuous part of the bridge deck that is supported only by stay-cables and pylons, or are free spans. This means that columns supporting the side span as for example found in Pont de Normandie, excludes most of the side span decks from the cable-stayed deck length.
There are some bridges with long bridge decks whose span lengths have not been published, and therefore are missing. Extradosed bridges are not included. The thirty longest decks are:
legend |
---|
main span
multiple main spans
side spans |
Rank | Cable-stayed deck length |
Name | Span arrangement (metres) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2,540 m (8,330 ft) | Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge[77] | 200 | 428 | 428 | 428 | 428 | 428 | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 2,460 m (8,070 ft) | Millau Viaduct[78] | 204 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 342 | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 2,252 m (7,388 ft) | Rio-Antirio Bridge[79] | 286 | 560 | 560 | 560 | 286 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 2,016 m (6,614 ft) | Hutong Yangtze River Bridge[1] | 462 | 1092 | 462 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 1,744 m (5,722 ft) | Queensferry Crossing | 222 | 650 | 650 | 222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 1,688 m (5,538 ft) | Sutong Yangtze River Bridge | 300 | 1088 | 300 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 1,685 m (5,528 ft) | Pelješac Bridge | 130 | 285 | 285 | 285 | 285 | 285 | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 1,648 m (5,407 ft) | Honghe Bridge[80] | 162 | 500 | 162 | 162 | 500 | 162 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 1,552 m (5,092 ft) | Erqi Yangtze River Bridge[81] | 160 | 616 | 616 | 160 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) | Nhật Tân Bridge | 150 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) | Pingtang Bridge[82] | 200 | 550 | 550 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 1,495 m (4,905 ft) | General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge[83] | 160 | 235 | 235 | 235 | 235 | 235 | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 1,470 m (4,820 ft) | Chishi Bridge | 165 | 380 | 380 | 380 | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 1,422 m (4,665 ft) | Second Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge[7] | 308 | 806 | 308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 1,323 m (4,341 ft) | Jiayu Yangtze River Bridge[3] | 73 | 920 | 330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 1,320 m (4,330 ft) | Incheon Bridge | 260 | 800 | 260 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | 1,312 m (4,304 ft) | Tatara Bridge | 164 | 890 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 1,310 m (4,300 ft) | Dunkou Yangtze River Bridge | 275 | 760 | 275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 1,278 m (4,193 ft) | Chizhou Yangtze River Bridge[4] | 170 | 828 | 280 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | 1,272 m (4,173 ft) | Russky Bridge | 84 | 1104 | 84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | 1,250 m (4,100 ft) | Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge[84] | 156 | 938 | 156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 1,246 m (4,088 ft) | Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge | 258 | 730 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 1,240 m (4,070 ft) | Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge[85] | 230 | 780 | 230 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | 1,234 m (4,049 ft) | Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge[86] | 148 | 938 | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 1,212 m (3,976 ft) | Xiangshan Port Bridge | 262 | 688 | 262 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 1,194 m (3,917 ft) | Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge[87] | 80 | 816 | 298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | 1,190 m (3,900 ft) | Shishou Yangtze River Bridge[5] | 80 | 820 | 290 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | 1,178 m (3,865 ft) | Stonecutters Bridge | 80 | 1018 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | 1,177 m (3,862 ft) | Ting Kau Bridge | 127 | 448 | 475 | 127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | 1,170 m (3,840 ft) | Meiko-Chuo Bridge | 290 | 590 | 290 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | 1,170 m (3,840 ft) | Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge[88] | 255 | 660 | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | 1,158 m (3,799 ft) | Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge[89] | 255 | 648 | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | 1,136 m (3,727 ft) | Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge | 84 | 818 | 234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 1,128 m (3,701 ft) | Wuxue Yangtze River Bridge[90] | 290 | 768 | 70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | 1,110 m (3,640 ft) | Second Tongling Yangtze River Bridge | 240 | 630 | 240 |
Timeline of world record lengths
Many early suspension bridges included cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Abbey Bridge, James Dredge's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge, London (1872), and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. Albert Caquot's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development.[91] The steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger (1956) is therefore more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge.[92]
This list tracks the bridge having the longest cable-stayed main span through time.
- This list may be incomplete and detailed sources for pre-modern cable-stayed bridges may not be available, so the timeline might not be accurate.
Record | Name | Location | Main span: metres (feet) |
Crosses | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1871 – 1885 | Old Redheugh Bridge | ![]() | 73 m (240 ft) | River Tyne | destroyed in 1885[S 47][93] |
1885 – 1891 | Järnbron | ![]() | 35 m (115 ft)[94] | Fyris River | [S 48] |
1891 – 1914 | Bluff Dale Bridge | ![]() | 43 m (141 ft) | Paluxy River | [S 49] |
1914 – 1922 | Kaihihi Stream Bridge | ![]() | 52 m (171 ft) | footbridge[S 50][95] | |
1922 – 1926 | Tauranga Bridge | ![]() | 58 m (190 ft) | Waioeka River | [S 51] |
1926 – 1952 | Tempul Aqueduct | ![]() | 60 m (200 ft) | Guadalete River | [S 52] |
1952 – 1956 | Donzère-Mondragon Bridge | ![]() | 81 m (266 ft) | Donzère-Mondragon Canal | [S 53] |
1956 – 1957 | Strömsund Bridge | ![]() | 182 m (597 ft) | Ströms vattudal | [S 54] |
1957 – 1959 | Theodor Heuss Bridge | ![]() | 260 m (850 ft) | Rhine | [S 55] |
1959 – 1969 | Severin Bridge | ![]() | 302 m (991 ft) | Rhine | [S 56] |
1969 – 1971 | Kniebrücke | ![]() | 319 m (1,047 ft) | Rhine | [S 57] |
1971 – 1974 | Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge | ![]() | 350 m (1,150 ft) | Rhine | [S 58] |
1974 – 1983 | Saint-Nazaire Bridge | ![]() | 404 m (1,325 ft) | Loire River | [S 59] |
1983 – 1986 | Engineer Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge | ![]() | 440 m (1,440 ft) | Barrios de Luna | [S 60] |
1986 – 1991 | Alex Fraser Bridge | ![]() | 465 m (1,526 ft) | Fraser River | [S 61] |
1991 – 1993 | Skarnsund Bridge | ![]() | 530 m (1,740 ft) | Skarnsundet | [S 36] |
1993 – 1995 | Yangpu Bridge | ![]() | 602 m (1,975 ft) | Huangpu River | [S 24] |
1995 – 1999 | Pont de Normandie | ![]() | 856 m (2,808 ft) | Seine River | [S 7] |
1999 – 2008 | Tatara Bridge | ![]() | 890 m (2,920 ft) | Inland Sea | [S 6] |
2008 – 2012 | Sutong Bridge | ![]() | 1,088 m (3,570 ft) | Yangtze River | [S 3] |
2012 – | Russky Bridge | ![]() | 1,104 m (3,622 ft) | Eastern Bosphorus | [S 1] |
See also
- List of cable-stayed bridges in the United States
- List of spans — list of remarkable permanent wire spans
References
- Nicolas Janberg, Structurae.com, International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering
- "Russky Bridge (Vladivostok, 2012)". structurae.net.
- "Hutong Yangtze River Bridge (Nantong, 2020)". structurae.net.
- "Sutong Bridge (Suzhou, 2008)". structurae.net.
- "Stonecutters Bridge (Tsing Yi, 2009)". structurae.net.
- "Edong Yangtze River Bridge (Huangshi, 2010)". structurae.net.
- "Tatara Bridge (Ikuchi/Ohmishima, 1999)". structurae.net.
- "Normandy Bridge (Le Havre/Honfleur, 1995)". structurae.net.
- "Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge (Jiujiang, 2013)". structurae.net.
- "Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge (Hubei/Hunan, 2010)". structurae.net.
- "Incheon Bridge (Incheon, 2009)". structurae.net.
- "Zolotoy Rog Bridge (Vladivostok, 2012)". structurae.net.
- "Chongming North Bridge (Shanghai, 2009)". structurae.net.
- "Duge Bridge (Liupanshui, 2016)". structurae.net.
- "Minpu Bridge (Shanghai, 2010)". structurae.net.
- "Queensferry Crossing (Queensferry/North Queensferry, 2017)". structurae.net.
- "Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge (Nanjing, 2005)". structurae.net.
- "Wangdong Bridge (Anhui, 2016)". structurae.net.
- "Tongling Road-Rail Bridge (Tongling, 2015)". structurae.net.
- "Second Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge (Nanjing, 2001)". structurae.net.
- "Jintang Bridge (Ningbo/Zhoushan, 2009)". structurae.net.
- "Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan, 2000)". structurae.net.
- "Erqi Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan, 2011)". structurae.net.
- "Qingzhou Minjiang Bridge (Fuzhou, 2002)". structurae.net.
- "Yangpu Bridge (Shanghai, 1993)". structurae.net.
- "Xupu Bridge (Shanghai, 1997)". structurae.net.
- "Meiko-Chuo Bridge (Nagoya, 1998)". structurae.net.
- "Taoyaomen Bridge (Zhoushan, 2003)". structurae.net.
- "Anqing Yangtze River Rail Bridge (Anqing, 2015)". structurae.net.
- "Huanggang Bridge (Hubei, 2014)". structurae.net.
- "Rion-Antirion Bridge (Rion/Antirion, 2004)". structurae.net.
- "中铁宝桥承建的青海海黄大桥合龙". Gcb.crec.cn (in Chinese). 11 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- Sakowski, Eric. "Pingtang Bridge". HighestBridges.com. HighestBridges.com Wiki. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- "Cuu Long Bridge (Cần Thơ, 2009)". structurae.net.
- "Bukhang Bridge (Busan, 2014)". structurae.net.
- "La Pepa Bridge (Cádiz, 2015)". structurae.net.
- "Skarnsund Bridge (Inderøy, 1991)". structurae.net.
- "Atlantic Bridge (Colón, 2019)". structurae.net.
- "Baluarte Bridge (Durango/Sinaloa, 2012)". structurae.net.
- "Huangyi Bridge (Luzhou, 2012)". structurae.net.
- "Queshi Bridge (Shantou, 1999)". structurae.net.
- "Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge (Yokohama, 1994)". structurae.net.
- "Anqing Yangtze River Road Bridge (Anqing, 2004)". structurae.net.
- "Tianxingzhou Bridge (Wuhan, 2009)". structurae.net.
- "Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge (Jingzhou, 2002)". structurae.net.
- "Kanchanaphisek Bridge (Bangkok, 2007)". structurae.net.
- "Sungai Johor Bridge (Johor Bahru, 2011)". structurae.net.
- "Newcastle Bridge (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1871)". structurae.net.
- "Järnbron (Uppsala, 1848)". structurae.net.
- "Bluff Dale Bridge (Bluff Dale, 1891)". structurae.net.
- "Kaihihi Stream Bridge (Okato, 1914)". structurae.net.
- "Tauranga Bridge (Opotiki, 1922)". structurae.net.
- "Tempul Aqueduct (Jerez de la Frontera, 1926)". structurae.net.
- "Donzère-Mondragon Bridge (Pierrelatte, 1952)". structurae.net.
- "Strömsund Bridge (Strömsund, 1955)". structurae.net.
- "Theodor Heuss Bridge (Düsseldorf-Golzheim/Düsseldorf-Niederkassel, 1957)". structurae.net.
- "Severin Bridge (Cologne, 1959)". structurae.net.
- "Rheinkniebrücke (Düsseldorf-Unterbilk/Düsseldorf-Oberkassel, 1969)". structurae.net.
- "Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge (Duisburg, 1971)". structurae.net.
- "Saint-Nazaire Bridge (Saint-Nazaire/Montoir-de-Bretagne, 1975)". structurae.net.
- "Engineer Carlos Fernández Casado Bridge (Pobladura de Luna/Los Barrios de Luna, 1983)". structurae.net.
- "Alex Fraser Bridge (Annacis, 1986)". structurae.net.
- Others references
- Zhang, Yezhi; Li, Quan; Zhang, Xiaolong (July 2016). Research on mechanical behavior of new type box girder-truss composite welded integral joints of Hutong Yangtze river rail-cum-road bridge (PDF) (in Chinese). Jrse.cn - Journal of Railway Science and Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- "Shanghai-Nantong Yangtze River Bridge - Doka".
- "嘉鱼长江公路大桥". Hubei.gov.cn (in Chinese). 29 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
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Further reading
- Podolny, Jr., Walter; Goodyear, David (2006). "Cable-suspended bridges". In Roger L. Brockenbrough (ed.). Structural steel designer's handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI, ASTM, AREMA, and ASCE-07 design standards (4 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 15.23–15.27. ISBN 0071432183. — includes a list of major cable-stayed bridges by length
- Chatterjee, Sukhen (1991). The Design of Modern Steel Bridges. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-632-05511-1.
- Wai-Fah, Chen; Lian, Duan (2013). Handbook of International Bridge Engineering. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1029-3.
- Ewert, Sven (2003). John Wiley & Sons (ed.). Brucken. ISBN 3-433-01612-7.
External links
Media related to Longest cable-stayed bridges at Wikimedia Commons