List of municipalities in Massachusetts

Municipalities in Massachusetts
Municipalities in Massachusetts
Also known as:; City; Town;
Category	Municipality
Location	Massachusetts
Found in	County
Created	1620;

Massachusetts is a state located in the Northeastern United States. Municipalities in the state are classified as either towns or cities, distinguished by their form of government under state law. Towns have an open town meeting or representative town meeting form of government; cities, on the other hand, use a mayor-council or council-manager form. Based on the form of government, there are 292 towns and 59 cities in Massachusetts. Some municipalities, however, still refer to themselves as "towns" even though they have a city form of government.

The Census Bureau classifies towns in Massachusetts as a type of "minor civil division" and cities as a type of "populated place". However, from the perspective of Massachusetts law, politics, and geography, cities and towns are the same type of municipal unit, differing only in their form of government.

There is no unincorporated land in Massachusetts; the land area of the state is completely divided up among the 351 municipalities.

Gallery

Largest municipalities in Massachusetts by population
Skyline of Boston, largest municipality by population in Massachusetts
Downtown Worcester, Massachusetts's second largest municipality by population
Skyline of Springfield, third largest municipality by population in Massachusetts
Skyline of Cambridge, Massachusetts's fourth largest municipality by population
Skyline of Lowell, fifth largest municipality by population in Massachusetts
City Hall in Brockton, Massachusetts's sixth largest municipality by population
Downtown Quincy, seventh largest municipality by population in Massachusetts
Skyline of Lynn, eighth largest municipality by population in Massachusetts
Downtown New Bedford, the ninth largest municipality by population in Massachusetts

List of Municipalities

† County seat
†† State capital and county seat

Massachusetts towns by population, where darker towns are more populous, according to 2020 census data.

Municipality	Type[1]	County[2]	Form of government[1]	Population (2020)[2]	Total area (sq mi)	Land area (sq mi)	Year established[3]	Notes
Abington	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	17,062	9.9	9.7	1712
Acton	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	24,021	20.3	20.0	1735
Acushnet	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	10,559	19.0	18.4	1860
Adams	Town	Berkshire	Representative town meeting	8,166	23.0	22.9	1778
Agawam	City[4]	Hampden	Mayor-council	28,692	24.3	23.3	1855	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Agawam
Alford	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	486	11.5	11.5	1773
Amesbury	City	Essex	Mayor-council	17,366	13.7	12.3	1668
Amherst	City[4][5]	Hampshire	Council-manager	39,263	27.7	27.6	1775	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Amherst
Andover	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	36,569	32.1	31.0	1646
Aquinnah	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	439	40.8	5.4	1870
Arlington	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	46,308	5.5	5.0	1807
Ashburnham	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	6,315	41.0	38.7	1765
Ashby	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	3,193	24.2	23.8	1767
Ashfield	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,695	40.3	40.0	1765
Ashland	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	18,832	12.9	12.4	1846
Athol	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	11,945	33.4	32.6	1762
Attleboro	City	Bristol	Mayor-council	46,461	27.8	26.8	1694
Auburn	Town	Worcester	Representative town meeting	16,889	16.4	15.4	1778
Avon	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	4,777	4.6	4.4	1888
Ayer	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	8,479	9.6	9.0	1871
Barnstable †	City[4]	Barnstable	Council-manager	48,916	76.5	59.3	1639	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Barnstable
Barre	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	5,530	44.6	44.3	1774
Becket	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,931	47.8	46.1	1765
Bedford	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	14,383	13.9	13.7	1729
Belchertown	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	15,350	55.4	52.7	1761
Bellingham	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	16,945	19.0	18.5	1719
Belmont	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	27,295	4.7	4.7	1859
Berkley	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	6,764	17.4	16.5	1735
Berlin	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	3,158	13.1	12.9	1812
Bernardston	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	2,102	23.4	23.4	1762
Beverly	City	Essex	Mayor-council	42,670	22.6	15.1	1668
Billerica	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	42,119	26.4	25.9	1655
Blackstone	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	9,208	11.2	10.9	1845
Blandford	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	1,215	53.4	51.6	1741
Bolton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	5,665	20.0	19.9	1738
Boston ††	City	Suffolk	Mayor-council	675,647	89.6	48.3	1630
Bourne	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	20,452	52.9	40.7	1884
Boxborough	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	5,506	10.4	10.4	1835
Boxford	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	8,203	24.4	23.6	1685
Boylston	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	4,849	19.7	16.0	1785
Braintree	City[4]	Norfolk	Mayor-council	39,143	14.6	13.8	1640	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Braintree
Brewster	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	10,318	25.4	22.9	1803
Bridgewater	City[4]	Plymouth	Council-manager	28,633	28.2	27.5	1656	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Bridgewater
Brimfield	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	3,694	35.2	34.7	1731
Brockton †	City	Plymouth	Mayor-council	105,643	21.5	21.3	1821
Brookfield	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	3,439	16.6	15.5	1718
Brookline	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	63,191	6.8	6.8	1705
Buckland	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,816	19.9	19.7	1779
Burlington	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	26,377	11.9	11.8	1799
Cambridge †	City	Middlesex	Mayor-manager-council	118,403	7.1	6.4	1636
Canton	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	24,370	19.6	18.9	1797
Carlisle	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	5,237	15.6	15.4	1780
Carver	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	11,645	39.7	37.4	1790
Charlemont	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,185	26.4	25.9	1765
Charlton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	13,315	43.8	42.5	1755[6]
Chatham	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	6,594	24.4	16.3	1712
Chelmsford	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	36,392	23.2	22.7	1655
Chelsea	City	Suffolk	Council-manager	40,787	2.5	2.2	1739
Cheshire	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	3,258	27.5	26.8	1793
Chester	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	1,228	37.2	36.6	1765
Chesterfield	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	1,186	31.2	30.8	1762
Chicopee	City	Hampden	Mayor-council	55,560	23.9	22.9	1848
Chilmark	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	1,212	100.4	19	1714
Clarksburg	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,657	12.8	12.8	1798
Clinton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	15,428	7.3	5.7	1850
Cohasset	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	8,381	31.4	9.8	1775
Colrain	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,606	43.4	43.1	1761
Concord	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	18,491	25.9	24.9	1635
Conway	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,761	37.9	37.7	1775
Cummington	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	829	23.1	22.9	1779
Dalton	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	6,330	21.9	21.8	1784
Danvers	Town	Essex	Representative town meeting	28,087	14.1	13.3	1775
Dartmouth	Town	Bristol	Representative town meeting	33,783	97.5	60.9	1664
Dedham †	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	25,364	10.6	10.5	1636
Deerfield	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	5,090	33.4	32.4	1677
Dennis	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	14,674	22.3	20.5	1793
Dighton	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	8,101	22.6	22.0	1712
Douglas	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	8,983	37.7	36.4	1775
Dover	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	5,923	15.4	15.3	1836
Dracut	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	32,617	21.4	20.9	1701
Dudley	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	11,921	22.1	21.1	1732
Dunstable	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	3,358	16.7	16.6	1673
Duxbury	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	16,090	37.6	23.8	1637
East Bridgewater	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	14,440	17.5	17.2	1823
East Brookfield	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	2,224	10.4	9.8	1920
East Longmeadow	City	Hampden	Manager-Council	16,430	13.0	13.0	1894
Eastham	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	5,752	25.7	14.0	1646
Easthampton	City	Hampshire	Mayor-council	16,211	13.6	13.3	1809
Easton	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	25,058	29.2	28.4	1725
Edgartown †	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	5,168	122.7	27	1671
Egremont	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,372	18.9	18.7	1775
Erving	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,665	14.4	13.9	1838
Essex	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	3,675	15.9	14	1819
Everett	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	49,075	3.7	3.4	1870
Fairhaven	Town	Bristol	Representative town meeting	15,924	14.1	12.4	1812
Fall River	City	Bristol	Mayor-council	94,000	40.2	33.1	1803
Falmouth	Town	Barnstable	Representative town meeting	32,517	54.4	44.1	1686
Fitchburg	City	Worcester	Mayor-council	41,946	28.1	27.8	1764
Florida	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	694	24.6	24.4	1805
Foxborough	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	18,618	20.9	20.1	1778
Framingham	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	72,362	26.5	25.0	1700
Franklin	City[4]	Norfolk	Council-administrator	33,261	27.0	26.6	1778	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Franklin
Freetown	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	9,206	38.3	36.6	1683
Gardner	City	Worcester	Mayor-council	21,287	23.0	22.1	1785
Georgetown	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	8,470	13.2	12.9	1838
Gill	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,551	14.8	13.7	1793
Gloucester	City	Essex	Mayor-council	29,729	41.5	26.2	1623
Goshen	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	970	17.7	17.4	1781
Gosnold	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	70	140.2	13.2	1864
Grafton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	19,664	23.3	22.7	1735
Granby	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	6,110	28.1	27.8	1768
Granville	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	1,538	43.0	42.2	1775
Great Barrington	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	7,172	45.8	44.8	1761
Greenfield †	City[4]	Franklin	Mayor-council	17,768	21.9	21.4	1775
Groton	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	11,315	33.7	32.8	1655
Groveland	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	6,752	9.4	9.0	1850
Hadley	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	5,325	24.6	23.1	1661
Halifax	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	7,749	17.3	16.2	1734
Hamilton	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	7,561	14.9	14.2	1793
Hampden	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	4,966	19.7	19.6	1878
Hancock	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	757	35.8	35.7	1776
Hanover	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	14,833	15.7	15.6	1727
Hanson	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	10,639	15.7	15.0	1820
Hardwick	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	2,667	40.8	38.6	1739
Harvard	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	6,851	27.0	26.4	1732
Harwich	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	13,440	33.1	20.9	1694
Hatfield	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	3,352	16.8	15.9	1670
Haverhill	City	Essex	Mayor-council	67,787	35.7	33.0	1641
Hawley	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	353	30.9	30.9	1792
Heath	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	723	24.9	24.9	1785
Hingham	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	24,284	26.3	22.2	1635
Hinsdale	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,919	21.7	20.7	1804
Holbrook	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	11,405	7.4	7.4	1872
Holden	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	19,905	36.2	35.0	1741
Holland	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	2,603	13.1	12.3	1835
Holliston	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	14,996	19.0	18.7	1724
Holyoke	City	Hampden	Mayor-council	38,238	22.8	21.2	1850
Hopedale	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	6,017	5.3	5.2	1886
Hopkinton	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	18,758	28.2	26.6	1715
Hubbardston	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	4,328	42.0	41.0	1775
Hudson	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	20,092	11.8	11.5	1866
Hull	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	10,072	26.9	2.8	1644
Huntington	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	2,094	26.8	26.3	1775
Ipswich	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	13,785	42.5	32.1	1634
Kingston	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	13,708	20.5	18.6	1726
Lakeville	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	11,523	36.1	29.6	1853
Lancaster	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	8,441	28.2	27.7	1653
Lanesborough	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	3,038	29.6	28.8	1765
Lawrence †	City	Essex	Mayor-council	89,143	7.4	6.9	1847
Lee	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	5,788	27.0	26.1	1777
Leicester	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	11,087	24.7	23.4	1714
Lenox	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	5,095	21.7	21.2	1775
Leominster	City	Worcester	Mayor-council	43,782	29.7	28.9	1740
Leverett	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,865	23.0	22.9	1774
Lexington	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	34,454	16.5	16.4	1713
Leyden	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	734	18.0	17.9	1809
Lincoln	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	7,014	15.0	14.4	1754
Littleton	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	10,141	17.6	16.6	1715
Longmeadow	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	15,853	9.7	9.1	1783
Lowell †	City	Middlesex	Mayor-manager-council	115,554	14.5	13.6	1826
Ludlow	Town	Hampden	Representative town meeting	21,002	28.2	27.2	1775
Lunenburg	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	11,782	27.7	26.4	1728
Lynn	City	Essex	Mayor-council	101,253	13.5	10.7	1629
Lynnfield	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	13,000	10.5	9.9	1814
Malden	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	66,263	5.1	5.0	1649
Manchester-by-the-Sea	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	5,395	18.3	9.2	1645
Mansfield	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	23,860	20.7	20.5	1775
Marblehead	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	20,441	19.6	4.4	1629
Marion	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	5,347	26.1	12.1	1852
Marlborough	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	41,793	22.1	20.9	1660
Marshfield	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	25,825	31.7	28.5	1640
Mashpee	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	15,060	27.2	23.4	1870
Mattapoisett	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	6,508	24.2	17.4	1857
Maynard	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	10,746	5.4	5.2	1871
Medfield	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	12,799	14.6	14.5	1651
Medford	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	59,659	8.7	8.1	1630
Medway	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	13,115	11.5	11.5	1713
Melrose	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	29,817	4.8	4.7	1850
Mendon	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	6,228	18.3	18.1	1667
Merrimac	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	6,723	8.8	8.5	1876
Methuen	City[4]	Essex	Mayor-council	53,039	23.0	22.2	1725
Middleborough	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	24,245	72.2	69.1	1669
Middlefield	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	385	24.2	24.2	1783
Middleton	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	9,779	14.5	14.0	1728
Milford	Town	Worcester	Representative town meeting	30,379	14.9	14.6	1780
Millbury	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	13,831	16.3	15.7	1813
Millis	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	8,460	12.3	12.2	1885
Millville	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	3,174	5.0	4.9	1916
Milton	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	28,630	13.3	13.0	1662
Monroe	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	118	10.8	10.7	1822
Monson	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	8,150	44.8	44.1	1775
Montague	Town	Franklin	Representative town meeting	8,580	31.5	30.2	1775
Monterey	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,095	27.4	26.4	1847
Montgomery	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	819	15.2	15.1	1780
Mount Washington	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	160	22.4	22.2	1779
Nahant	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	3,334	15.5	1.0	1853
Nantucket †	Town	Nantucket	Open town meeting	14,255	105.3	47.8	1671
Natick	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	37,006	16.1	15.1	1781
Needham	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	32,091	12.7	12.6	1711
New Ashford	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	250	13.5	13.4	1835
New Bedford	City	Bristol	Mayor-council	101,079	24.1	20.0	1787
New Braintree	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	996	20.9	20.7	1775
New Marlborough	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,528	47.9	46.9	1775
New Salem	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	983	58.6	44.8	1775
Newbury	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	6,716	26.3	23.4	1635
Newburyport	City	Essex	Mayor-council	18,289	10.7	8.3	1764
Newton	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council[7]	88,923	18.2	17.8	1688
Norfolk	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	11,662	15.2	14.8	1870
North Adams	City	Berkshire	Mayor-council	12,961	20.6	20.4	1878
North Andover	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	30,915	27.8	26.3	1855
North Attleborough	City	Bristol	Manager-council	30,834	19.1	18.6	1887
North Brookfield	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	4,735	21.7	21.1	1812
North Reading	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	15,554	13.5	13.3	1853
Northampton †	City	Hampshire	Mayor-council	29,571	35.8	34.2	1656
Northborough	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	15,741	18.8	18.5	1775
Northbridge	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	16,335	18.1	17.2	1775
Northfield	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	2,866	35.4	34.3	1723
Norton	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	19,202	29.8	28.7	1711
Norwell	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	11,351	21.2	20.9	1849
Norwood	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	31,611	10.6	10.5	1872
Oak Bluffs	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	5,341	26.0	7.4	1880
Oakham	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	1,851	21.5	21.1	1775
Orange	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	7,569	36.0	35.1	1810
Orleans	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	6,307	22.7	14.1	1797
Otis	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,634	38.0	35.6	1773
Oxford	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	13,347	27.5	26.6	1713
Palmer	City[4]	Hampden	Council-manager	12,448	32.0	31.6	1775	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Palmer. Smallest city in Massachusetts by population.
Paxton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	5,004	15.5	14.7	1775
Peabody	City	Essex	Mayor-council	54,481	16.8	16.2	1868
Pelham	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	1,280	26.5	25.1	1743
Pembroke	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	18,361	23.5	21.8	1712
Pepperell	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	11,604	23.2	22.6	1775
Peru	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	814	26.0	25.9	1771
Petersham	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	1,194	68.3	54.2	1754
Phillipston	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	1,726	24.6	24.3	1786
Pittsfield †	City	Berkshire	Mayor-council	43,927	42.5	40.5	1761
Plainfield	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	633	21.3	21.1	1807
Plainville	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	9,945	11.5	11.0	1905
Plymouth †	Town	Plymouth	Representative town meeting	61,217	134.0	96.5	1620
Plympton	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	2,930	15.1	14.8	1707
Princeton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	3,495	35.8	35.4	1771
Provincetown	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	3,664	17.5	9.7	1727
Quincy	City	Norfolk	Mayor-council	101,636	26.9	16.6	1792
Randolph	City[4]	Norfolk	Council-manager	34,984	10.5	10.1	1793	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Randolph
Raynham	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	15,142	20.9	20.5	1731
Reading	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	25,518	9.9	9.9	1644
Rehoboth	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	12,502	46.8	46.5	1645
Revere	City	Suffolk	Mayor-council	62,186	10.1	5.7	1846
Richmond	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,407	19.0	18.7	1765
Rochester	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	5,717	36.4	33.9	1686
Rockland	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	17,803	10.1	10.0	1874
Rockport	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	6,992	17.5	7.0	1840
Rowe	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	424	24.0	23.4	1785
Rowley	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	6,161	20.3	18.2	1639
Royalston	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	1,250	42.5	41.9	1765
Russell	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	1,643	17.8	17.3	1792
Rutland	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	9,049	36.4	35.3	1713
Salem †	City	Essex	Mayor-council	44,480	18.3	8.3	1626
Salisbury	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	9,236	17.9	15.4	1639
Sandisfield	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	989	53.0	51.8	1762
Sandwich	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	20,259	44.2	42.7	1638
Saugus	Town	Essex	Representative town meeting	28,619	11.8	10.8	1815
Savoy	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	645	36.0	35.8	1797
Scituate	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	19,063	31.8	17.6	1636
Seekonk	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	15,531	18.3	18.2	1812
Sharon	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	18,575	24.2	23.3	1775
Sheffield	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	3,327	48.6	47.5	1733
Shelburne	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,884	23.4	23.2	1775
Sherborn	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	4,401	16.2	16.0	1674
Shirley	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	7,431	15.9	15.8	1775
Shrewsbury	Town	Worcester	Representative town meeting	38,325	21.7	20.7	1727
Shutesbury	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,717	27.2	26.6	1761
Somerset	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	18,303	12.0	8.1	1790
Somerville	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	81,045	4.2	4.1	1842
South Hadley	Town	Hampshire	Representative town meeting	18,150	18.4	17.7	1775
Southampton	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	6,224	29.1	28.2	1775
Southborough	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	10,450	15.7	14.2	1727
Southbridge	City[4]	Worcester	Council-manager	17,740	20.9	20.2	1816	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Southbridge
Southwick	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	9,232	31.7	30.8	1775
Spencer	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	11,992	34.1	32.9	1775
Springfield †	City	Hampden	Mayor-council	155,929	33.1	31.9	1636
Sterling	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	7,985	31.6	30.5	1781
Stockbridge	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	2,018	23.7	22.7	1739
Stoneham	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	23,244	6.7	6.2	1725
Stoughton	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	29,281	16.3	16.0	1726
Stow	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	7,174	18.1	17.6	1683
Sturbridge	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	9,867	39.0	37.4	1738
Sudbury	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	18,934	24.6	24.4	1639
Sunderland	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	3,663	14.7	14.2	1714
Sutton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	9,357	33.9	32.4	1714
Swampscott	Town	Essex	Representative town meeting	15,111	6.7	3.1	1852
Swansea	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	17,144	25.5	23.1	1667
Taunton †	City	Bristol	Mayor-council	59,408	48.4	46.7	1639
Templeton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	8,149	32.4	32.0	1762
Tewksbury	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	31,342	21.1	20.7	1734
Tisbury	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	4,815	19.1	6.5	1671
Tolland	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	471	32.8	31.5	1810
Topsfield	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	6,569	12.8	11.9	1650
Townsend	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	9,127	33.1	32.9	1732
Truro	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	2,454	26.3	21.1	1709
Tyngsborough	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	12,380	18.1	16.9	1809
Tyringham	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	427	18.9	18.6	1762
Upton	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	8,000	21.7	21.5	1735
Uxbridge	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	14,162	30.4	29.5	1727
Wakefield	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	27,090	7.9	7.5	1812
Wales	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	1,832	15.9	15.7	1762
Walpole	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	26,383	21.0	20.5	1724
Waltham	City	Middlesex	Mayor-council	65,218	13.8	12.7	1738
Ware	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	10,066	40.0	34.4	1775
Wareham	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	23,303	46.3	35.8	1739
Warren	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	4,975	27.6	27.5	1742
Warwick	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	780	37.6	37.3	1763
Washington	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	494	38.8	38	1777
Watertown	City[4]	Middlesex	Council-manager	35,329	4.1	4.0	1630
Wayland	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	13,943	15.9	15.2	1780
Webster	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	17,776	14.5	12.5	1832
Wellesley	Town	Norfolk	Representative town meeting	29,550	10.5	10.2	1881
Wellfleet	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	3,566	35.4	19.8	1775
Wendell	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	924	32.2	31.9	1781
Wenham	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	4,979	8.1	7.6	1643
West Boylston	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	7,877	13.8	12.9	1808
West Bridgewater	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	7,707	15.7	15.3	1822
West Brookfield	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	3,833	21.1	20.5	1848
West Newbury	Town	Essex	Open town meeting	4,500	14.7	13.4	1819
West Springfield	City[4]	Hampden	Mayor-council	28,835	17.5	16.7	1774	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of West Springfield
West Stockbridge	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	1,343	18.7	18.5	1775
West Tisbury	Town	Dukes	Open town meeting	3,555	41.8	25.0	1892
Westborough	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	21,567	21.6	20.5	1717
Westfield	City	Hampden	Mayor-council	40,834	47.3	46.3	1669
Westford	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	24,643	31.3	30.6	1729
Westhampton	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	1,622	27.4	27.2	1778
Westminster	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	8,213	37.3	35.3	1770
Weston	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	11,851	17.3	17.0	1713
Westport	Town	Bristol	Open town meeting	16,339	64.4	50.1	1787
Westwood	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	16,266	11.1	11.0	1897
Weymouth	City[4]	Norfolk	Mayor-council	57,437	21.6	16.8	1635	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Weymouth
Whately	Town	Franklin	Open town meeting	1,607	20.7	20.2	1771
Whitman	Town	Plymouth	Open town meeting	15,121	7.1	7.0	1875
Wilbraham	Town	Hampden	Open town meeting	14,613	22.4	22.2	1763
Williamsburg	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	2,504	25.7	25.6	1775
Williamstown	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	7,513	46.9	46.8	1765
Wilmington	Town	Middlesex	Open town meeting	23,349	17.2	17.1	1730
Winchendon	Town	Worcester	Open town meeting	10,364	44.1	43.3	1764
Winchester	Town	Middlesex	Representative town meeting	22,970	6.3	6.0	1850
Windsor	Town	Berkshire	Open town meeting	831	35.2	35.0	1771
Winthrop	City[4]	Suffolk	Council-manager	19,316	8.3	2.0	1852	Although it is a city, the official name is Town of Winthrop
Woburn	City	Middlesex	Mayor-aldermen	40,876	12.9	12.7	1642
Worcester †	City	Worcester	Mayor-manager-council	206,518	38.5	37.4	1684
Worthington	Town	Hampshire	Open town meeting	1,193	32.1	31.9	1768
Wrentham	Town	Norfolk	Open town meeting	12,178	22.9	22.2	1673
Yarmouth	Town	Barnstable	Open town meeting	25,023	28.2	24.1	1639

Geography of towns at formation

Formation of Massachusetts cities and towns, 1620–1870

This map shows towns colored by the date they were incorporated in Massachusetts since the founding of Plimoth Plantation in 1620. Many of the towns and future cities shown covering the area of their original incorporation have since been divided into two, three or in some cases several smaller municipalities. For example, Dorchester was incorporated in 1630 and originally included all of the current Dorchester, now the largest neighborhood of Boston, plus the Boston neighborhood of Mattapan, and all of present-day Quincy, Milton, Braintree, Randolph, Holbrook, Canton, Sharon, Stoughton, Avon and the northeast portion of Foxboro. Nearly all of Massachusetts territory had been incorporated by 1815, with the final three areas of Erving (1838), Gay Head (now Aquinnah) and Mashpee (both 1870) being incorporated from previously Native American land.

Community	Year incorporated as a town[8]	Notes
Medfield	1651	The first town to leave Dedham.
Natick	1659	Established as a community for Christian Indians.
Wrentham	1673	Southeast corner of town was part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637.
Deerfield	1673	Land was granted to Dedham in return for giving up Natick.[9]
Needham	1711
Medway	1713	Separated from Medfield. The land was granted to Dedham in 1649.[10]
Bellingham	1719
Walpole	1724
Stoughton	1726	Part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637. Separated from Dorchester.
Sharon	1775	Part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637. Separated from Stoughton.
Foxborough	1778	Part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637.
Franklin	1778	Separated from Wrentham.
Canton	1797	Part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637. Separated from Stoughton.
Dover	1836	Then known as Springfield, it became a precinct of Dedham by vote of Town Meeting in 1729;[11] relegated to a parish the same year by the General Court.[12] Created the Fourth Precinct by the General Court in 1748.[13]
Hyde Park	1868	800 acres taken from Dedham, along with land from Dorchester and Milton.[14]
Norfolk	1870	Separated from Wrentham.
Norwood	1872	Created a precinct with Clapboard Trees (Westwood) in 1729.[12] Became its own precinct in 1734.[12]
Wellesley	1881	Separated from Needham
Millis	1885	Separated from Medfield.
Avon	1888	Part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637. Separated from Stoughton.
Westwood	1897	Joined with South Dedham (Norwood) to create Second Precinct in 1729.[12] Returned to First Precinct in 1734.[12] In 1737 became Third Precinct.[12][15] Last community to break away directly from Dedham.
Plainville	1905	Eastern section of town was part of the Dorchester New Grant of 1637. Separated from Wrentham.

Former municipalities

Some towns and cities were annexed to others; disincorporated; or ceded to another state in their entirety. This list does not include territory changes affecting only part of a municipality; see History of Massachusetts.

Annexations

The following formerly independent municipalities have been annexed to Boston:

Brighton (1873)
Charlestown (1873)
Dorchester (1869)
Hyde Park (1912)
Roxbury (1867)
West Roxbury (1873)

The town of Bradford was annexed to Haverhill, Massachusetts in 1897.

Disincorporations

The following towns were disincorporated in 1938 due to the construction of the Quabbin Reservoir; all their territory was absorbed into surrounding towns:

Cessions

The following towns were ceded to the Rhode Island colony in 1747 as part of a border dispute:

Barrington
Bristol
Little Compton
Tiverton
Warren (Sowams) [possibly part of Swansea, Massachusetts in 1747?]

Due to a 1642 surveying error and long-running political disputes, the following Massachusetts towns joined the Connecticut Colony in late 1749:

Due to general lack of colonial government there, all four towns in colonial New Hampshire chose to become part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641. They were ceded to the re-formed Province of New Hampshire in 1680, under a newly issued royal charter.

Numerous towns were ceded to New Hampshire after the Northern boundary of Massachusetts was defined by royal decree in 1741.

Those towns were later disincorporated and reincorporated under New Hampshire laws on the same day in 1746.

All settlements in the District of Maine were ceded when the state of Maine gained its independence from Massachusetts in 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise.

Archaic names

Many municipalities have changed names.[16]

Old name	Modern name	County	Notes
Acushena	Dartmouth	Bristol
Agawam	Dartmouth	Bristol	Different from Agawam in Hampden County
Agawam Plantation	Springfield	Hampden	An Agawam separated from Springfield via West Springfield
Andrewstown	Chesterfield	Hampshire
Apponegansett	Dartmouth	Bristol
Ashuelot Equivalent	Dalton	Berkshire
Attleborough	Attleboro	Bristol	The -ugh was dropped when the city was re-incorporated in 1914
Barnardstone's Grant	Florida	Berkshire
Basse River	Beverly	Essex
Belcher's Town	Belchertown	Hampshire
Berkshire Equivalent	Florida	Berkshire
Billirikey	Billerica	Middlesex
Blue Hill Lands	Braintree	Norfolk
Boggestow	Sherborn	Middlesex
Boston Township Number One	Charlemont	Franklin
Boston Township Number Two	Colrain	Franklin
Bullock's Grant	Florida	Berkshire
Bullocks Grant	Clarksburg	Berkshire
Cabotville	Chicopee	Hampden
Cambridge Farms	Lexington	Middlesex
Cambridge South Parish	Brighton	Suffolk
Cape Ann	Gloucester	Essex	Different from the modern definition of Cape Ann, which includes Gloucester, Essex, Manchester-by-the-Sea, and Rockport
Chabakongomum	Dudley	Worcester
Chabanagungamug	Dudley	Worcester
Chappequiddick	Edgartown	Dukes
Charley Mount	Charlemont	Franklin
Charlton	Charlestown	Suffolk
Chebacco	Essex	Essex
Chequocket	Barnstable	Barnstable
Chuckomug	Barnstable	Barnstable
Coa	Barnstable	Barnstable
Cochickawick	Andover	Essex
Cochituit	Andover	Essex
Cokachoise	Barnstable	Barnstable
Cold Spring	Belchertown	Hampshire
Colechester	Salisbury	Essex
Conahasset	Cohasset	Norfolk
Concord Village	Acton	Middlesex
Contentment	Dedham	Norfolk
Cotachesett	Barnstable	Barnstable
Cottage City	Oak Bluffs	Dukes
Danforth's Farms	Framingham	Middlesex
District of Carlisle	Carlisle	Middlesex
Dorchester Village	Canton	Norfolk
Dorchester-Canada Plantation	Ashburnham	Worcester
Ducksburrow	Duxbury	Plymouth
Duxburrow Plantation	Bridgewater	Plymouth
East Chelmsford	Lowell	Middlesex
East Hoosuck Plantation	Adams	Berkshire
East Sudbury	Wayland	Middlesex
Edgar Towne	Edgartown	Dukes
Emesbury	Amesbury	Essex
Erving's Grant	Enfield	Hampshire
Fair Haven Village	Fairhaven	Bristol
Falls Fight	Bernardston	Franklin
Falltown Plantation	Bernardston	Franklin
Five Pound Island	Gloucester	Essex
Foords Farm	Bridgewater	Plymouth
Fort Massachusetts	Adams	Berkshire
Freeman's Purchase	Fall River	Bristol
Freemens Land	Freetown	Bristol
Gageborough	Windsor	Berkshire
Gay Head	Aquinnah	Dukes
Gay Head Indian District	Aquinnah	Dukes
Gerry	Phillipston	Worcester
Glasgow	Blandford	Hampden
Gloscester	Gloucester	Essex
Great Harbour	Edgartown	Dukes
Green Harbor	Duxbury	Plymouth
Greenwich	Enfield	Hampshire
Hack's Grant	Enfield	Hampshire
Hawthorn	Danvers	Essex
Hadley Third Precinct	Amherst	Hampshire
Hockamock	Easton	Bristol
Hockomock	Bridgewater	Plymouth
Housatonic Township Number Four	Becket	Berkshire
Huntstown Plantation	Ashfield	Franklin
Hutchinson	Barre	Worcester
Ipswich Eighth Parish	Essex	Essex
Ireland	Holyoke	Hampden
Iron Work Farm	Acton	Middlesex
Ketiticut	Bridgewater	Plymouth
Kokachoise	Barnstable	Barnstable
Litchfield	Dunstable	Middlesex
Little Cambridge	Brighton	Suffolk
Little Salisbury	Amesbury	Essex
Lyttleton	Littleton	Middlesex
Manamoiet	Chatham	Barnstable
Manamoit Village	Chatham	Barnstable
Manamooskeagin	Abington	Plymouth
Manchaug	Sutton	Worcester
Manor of Tisbury	Chilmark	Dukes
Mattakeeset	Barnstable	Barnstable
Mattakeeset	Duxbury	Plymouth
Mattapan	Dorchester	Suffolk	Section of Boston
Mennems Moone	Dorchester	Suffolk
Menotomy	Arlington	Middlesex
Merry Mount	Merrymount	Norfolk	Neighborhood of Quincy
Middlesex Gore	Dudley	Worcester
Mile & Half of Land	Attleboro	Bristol
Minnechaug	Hampden	Hampden
Minot's Grant	Cummington	Hampshire
Mishawum	Charlestown	Suffolk
Mistic	Barnstable	Barnstable
Mohootset	Carver	Plymouth
Monatiquot	Braintree	Norfolk
Monomoy	Chatham	Barnstable
Monument Village	Bourne	Barnstable
Moskeehtucketqut	Barnstable	Barnstable
Mount Dagan	Braintree	Norfolk
Mount Wollaston	Merrymount	Norfolk	Neighborhood of Quincy
Muddy River	Brookline	Norfolk
Murrayfield	Chester	Hampden
Murrayfield Grant	Cummington	Hampshire
Musketequid	Concord	Middlesex
Namassakeesett	Duxbury	Plymouth
Nashowakemmuck	Chilmark	Dukes
Nawsett	Eastham	Barnstable
New Glasgow	Blandford	Hampden
New Grant	Acton	Middlesex
New Hingham Plantation	Chesterfield	Hampshire
New Providence	Cheshire	Berkshire
New Providence Hill	Cheshire	Berkshire
New Providence Plantation	Adams	Berkshire
New Providence Purchase	Cheshire	Berkshire
New Rowley	Georgetown	Essex
New Sherburn	Douglas	Worcester
Newe Towne	Cambridge	Middlesex	Included modern Newton
Newtown	Cambridge	Middlesex	Included modern Newton
No Town Plantation	Buckland	Franklin
Nobscusset	Dennis	Barnstable
Noman's Land	Chilmark	Dukes
Noddle's Island	Boston	Suffolk
North Bridgewater	Brockton	Plymouth
North Purchase	Attleboro	Bristol
North Sandwich	Bourne	Barnstable
North Wrentham	Norfolk	Norfolk
Nossett	Eastham	Barnstable
Noticock	Dunstable	Middlesex
Nottingham	Dunstable	Middlesex
Number Thirteen	Chelsea	Suffolk
Nunketest	Bridgewater	Plymouth
Nunnepog	Edgartown	Dukes
Passacomuck	Easthampton	Hampshire
Pawtucket	Chelmsford	Middlesex
Pawtucket	Dracut	Middlesex
Payquage Plantation	Athol	Worcester
Peymechit	Barnstable	Barnstable
Plantation Chickleystown	Charlemont	Franklin
Plantation Number Five (1762 Township)	Cummington	Hampshire
Plantation Number Four	Becket	Berkshire
Plantation Number Nine (1762 Township)	Chester	Hampden
Plantation Number One (Western Township of 1762)	Chesterfield	Hampshire
Plantation Number One	Adams	Berkshire
Pocomtuck	Deerfield	Franklin
Podunke	Alford	Berkshire
Podunkville	Alford	Berkshire
Poguaige	Athol	Worcester
Pompositicut	Stow	Middlesex
Provincetown on Mills River	Athol	Worcester
Pullen Poynte	Chelsea	Suffolk
Pullin Point	Chelsea	Suffolk
Punkapoag	Canton	Norfolk
Quabaug Territory	Brookfield	Worcester
Quabaug Territory	East Brookfield	Worcester
Quaboag	Brookfield	Worcester
Quequechan Region	Fall River	Bristol
Quichickichick	Andover	Essex
Quinsigamond	Worcester	Worcester
Quobauge	Brookfield	Worcester
Rowley Village	Boxford	Essex
Rumney Marsh	Chelsea	Suffolk
Rutland District	Barre	Worcester
Sacconeesett	Falmouth	Barnstable
Salem Farms	Danvers	Essex
Salem Middle Parish	Danvers	Essex
Salem Village Parish	Danvers	Essex
Salisbury-new-toune	Amesbury	Essex
Santuite	Barnstable	Barnstable
Satucket	Brewster	Barnstable
Satuite	Barnstable	Barnstable
Sawkatucket	Brewster	Barnstable
Scipuiszet	Falmouth	Barnstable
Sconticut	Fairhaven	Bristol
Seipuiszet	Falmouth	Barnstable
Sepoese	Barnstable	Barnstable
Sepuit	Barnstable	Barnstable
Sesuet	Dennis	Barnstable
Shawanon	Egremont	Berkshire
Shawanon Purchase	Alford	Berkshire
Shawmut	Boston	Suffolk
Shawshinnock	Billerica	Middlesex
Shawsin	Billerica	Middlesex
Sipnesset	Barnstable	Barnstable
Skonkonet	Barnstable	Barnstable
Skunkamug	Barnstable	Barnstable
Slacksville	Plainville	Norfolk
South Malden	Everett	Middlesex
South Parish	Enfield	Hampshire
South Purchase	Dighton	Bristol
South Reading	Wakefield	Middlesex
South Redding	Wakefield	Middlesex
South Wilbraham	Hampden	Hampden
Springfield Parish	Dover	Norfolk
Squantums Neck	Quincy	Norfolk	Annexed to Dorchester 1641, annexed to Quincy 1792[17]
Suckanesset	Falmouth	Barnstable
Sudbury	Wayland	Middlesex
Suffield Equivalent Lands	Blandford	Hampden
Tamahappaseeacon	Barnstable	Barnstable
Taunton	Dighton	Bristol	Different from modern Taunton
Taunton North Purchase	Easton	Bristol
Tiverton	Freetown	Bristol	Different from modern Tiverton, Rhode Island
Tragabigzanda	Gloucester	Essex
Tremont	Boston	Suffolk
Trimountaine	Boston	Suffolk
Troy	Fall River	Bristol
Turkey Hill	Fitchburg	Worcester
Unquityquesset	Milton	Norfolk
Vinson's Cove	Gloucester	Essex
Wameset	Chelmsford	Middlesex
Waqua	Edgartown	Dukes
Ward	Auburn	Worcester
Washqua	Edgartown	Dukes
Waskotussoo	Barnstable	Barnstable
Watatick Hill	Ashburnham	Worcester
Wattuppa	Freetown	Bristol
Weguasset	Chatham	Barnstable
Wellington	Dighton	Bristol
Wequaquet	Barnstable	Barnstable
Wessagusset Colony	Weymouth	Norfolk	Founded by Thomas Weston in 1622, 2nd oldest European settlement in Massachusetts. Incorporated as Weymouth in 1635 by settlers from the Dorset, England town of the same name.
West Cambridge	Arlington	Middlesex
West Hoosuck	Williamstown	Berkshire
West Sandwich	Bourne	Barnstable
Weymouth Canada	Ashfield	Franklin
Willard's Farm	Acton	Middlesex
Winnissimet	Chelsea	Suffolk
Wood End	Reading	Middlesex
Wyngaersheek	Gloucester	Essex
Yanno's Land	Barnstable	Barnstable
York	Egremont	Berkshire

Notes

References

"2009-10 Municipal Directory". Massachusetts Municipal Association. Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
"Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
"Massachusetts City and Town Incorporation and Settlement Dates". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
One of 14 municipalities with a city form of government that refers to itself as "The Town of". "Citizen Information Service: Massachusetts City and Town Incorporation and Settlement Dates". Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cisctlist/ctlistalph.htm
William O. Hultgren (Fall 2004). "Time Line for the Establishment of the Town of Charlton" (PDF). Charlton Historical Society Newsletter. Charlton Historical Society. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
"Newton, MA - News Details". www.newtonma.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
"Massachusetts City and Town Incorporation and Settlement Dates". William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
Hanson, Robert Brand (1976). Dedham, Massachusetts, 1635-1890. Dedham Historical Society. pp. 74–76.
Hanson 1976, p. 68.
Lockridge 1985, p. 114.
Lockridge 1985, p. 115.
- Lockridge, Kenneth (1985). A New England Town. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-393-95459-3.
Knight, D.D.S., Jos. King; Davis, Esq., Edmund; Humphrey, Henry B. "Memorial Sketch of Hyde Park, Mass., for the first twenty years of its corporate existence (1868 – 1888)". Hyde Park Historical Society. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
Lockridge 1985, p. 99.
Archaic Community, District, Neighborhood, Section and Village, Names in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Secretary of State Citizen Information Service. Retrieved 2008 Apr 13.
"DIOTD, Mar. 10, 2009 Dorchester Territory". Dorchester Atheneum. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved 2009-08-11.

External links

Massachusetts City and Town Directory, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Elections Division

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[MMA-1] "2009-10 Municipal Directory". Massachusetts Municipal Association. Archived from the original on 2013-06-15. Retrieved 2010-01-25.

[census-2] "Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-03-23.

[CIS-3] "Massachusetts City and Town Incorporation and Settlement Dates". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2009-05-06.

[TC-4] One of 14 municipalities with a city form of government that refers to itself as "The Town of". "Citizen Information Service: Massachusetts City and Town Incorporation and Settlement Dates". Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2016-08-11.

[5] ttp://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cisctlist/ctlistalph.htm

[6] William O. Hultgren (Fall 2004). "Time Line for the Establishment of the Town of Charlton" (PDF). Charlton Historical Society Newsletter. Charlton Historical Society. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-04-22.

[7] "Newton, MA - News Details". www.newtonma.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-10.

[inc-8] "Massachusetts City and Town Incorporation and Settlement Dates". William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved July 13, 2019.

[9] Hanson, Robert Brand (1976). Dedham, Massachusetts, 1635-1890. Dedham Historical Society. pp. 74–76.

[FOOTNOTEHanson197668-10] Hanson 1976, p. 68.

[FOOTNOTELockridge1985114-11] Lockridge 1985, p. 114.

[FOOTNOTELockridge1985115-12] Lockridge 1985, p. 115.

[13] Lockridge, Kenneth (1985). A New England Town. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-393-95459-3.

[14] Lockridge, Kenneth (1985). A New England Town. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-393-95459-3.

[hp-14] Knight, D.D.S., Jos. King; Davis, Esq., Edmund; Humphrey, Henry B. "Memorial Sketch of Hyde Park, Mass., for the first twenty years of its corporate existence (1868 – 1888)". Hyde Park Historical Society. Retrieved April 23, 2021.

[FOOTNOTELockridge198599-15] Lockridge 1985, p. 99.

[16] Archaic Community, District, Neighborhood, Section and Village, Names in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Secretary of State Citizen Information Service. Retrieved 2008 Apr 13.

[dotanth-boundaries-17] "DIOTD, Mar. 10, 2009 Dorchester Territory". Dorchester Atheneum. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved 2009-08-11.

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