List of Chinese wars and battles

The following is a list of Chinese wars and battles, organized by date.[1][2]

Painting of the 1758 Battle of Oroi-Jalatu, in which the Qing defeated the Dzungar.

Ancient China

Year(s) Event Brief description
26th century BCE Battle of Banquan (legendary) The Yellow Emperor defeats the Yan Emperor.
26th century BCE Battle of Zhuolu (legendary) The Yellow Emperor defeats Chi You and establishes the Han Chinese civilisation.
1675 BCE Battle of Mingtiao (legendary) The Xia dynasty is overthrown and replaced by the Shang dynasty.
1046 BCE Battle of Muye The Shang dynasty is overthrown and replaced by the Zhou dynasty.
c. 1042–1039 BCE Rebellion of the Three Guards The Zhou dynasty defeats the discontented Zhou princes, and their Shang loyalist allies.
771 BCE Battle of Mount Li (Lishan) King You of Zhou is killed and the Western Zhou dynasty ends.
739–678 BCE Jin–Quwo wars Dynastic struggles between two branches of Jin's ruling house
707 BCE Battle of Xuge The Eastern Zhou dynasty is defeated by the vassal Zheng state.
701–680 BCE Zheng war of succession Caused by the death of Duke Zhuang of Zheng[3][4]
684 BCE Battle of Changshao The Lu state defeats the Qi state
657–651 BCE Li Ji Unrest War about the future succession of Duke Xian of Jin
643–642 BCE War of Qi's succession Caused by the death of Duke Huan of Qi
635 BCE War of the Zhou succession Jin state assisted King Xiang of Zhou against his brother, Prince Dai, who claimed the Zhou throne
632 BCE Battle of Chengpu The Jin state defeats the Chu state.
627 BCE Battle of Xiao The Jin defeats Qin.
595 BCE Battle of Bi The Chu state defeats the Jin state.
589 BCE Battle of An The Jin state defeats the Qi state.
575 BC Battle of Yanling The Jin state defeats the Chu state.
506 BCE Battle of Boju The Wu state defeats the Chu state.
4th century BCE Gojoseon–Yan War The Yan state defeats the Gojoseon kingdom.
494 BCE Battle of Fujiao The Wu state defeats the Yue state.
c. 481–403 BCE Partition of Jin Series of wars between rival noble families of Jin, who eventually sought to divide the state's territory amongst themselves at the expense of Jin's ruling house.
The state was definitively carved up between the successor states of Zhao, Wei and Han in 376 BCE.
478 BCE Battle of Lize The Yue state defeats the Wu state.
453 BCE Battle of Jinyang The Zhao state defeats the Zhi state. Leads to the Partition of Jin.
c. 403–221 BCE Warring States period Series of dynastic interstate and intrastate wars during the Eastern Zhou dynasty over succession and territory
370–367 BCE War of the Wei succession Caused by the death of Marquess Wu of Wei
354–353 BCE Battle of Guiling The Qi state defeats the Wei state.
342 BCE Battle of Maling The Qi state defeats the Wei state.
341 BCE Battle of Guailing
293 BCE Battle of Yique The Qin state defeats the Wei and Han states.
269 BCE Battle of Yanyu
265 BCE Zhao–Xiongnu War The Zhao state defeats the Xiongnu
260 BCE Battle of Changping The Qin state defeats the Zhao state.
259–257 BCE Battle of Handan The allied forces of Zhao, Wei and Chu defeats the Qin.
230–221 BCE Qin's wars of unification The Qin state conquers the six other major states in China and unifies the country under the Qin dynasty.

Imperial China

Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE)

Year(s) Event Brief description
215 BCE Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu Qin forces defeat the Xiongnu in the Ordos Desert.
214 BCE Qin campaign against the Yue tribes Qin forces defeat and conquer the Yue tribes in southern China and northern Vietnam.
209 BCE Dazexiang uprising Chen Sheng and Wu Guang lead a rebellion against the Qin dynasty.
207 BCE Battle of Julu A rebel coalition army led by Xiang Yu defeats Qin forces.

Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)

Chu-Han Contention (206–202 BCE)

Year(s) Event Brief description
206–202 BCE Chu-Han Contention Han defeats Chu and its allies and unifies China.
205 BCE Battle of Pengcheng Western Chu defeats Han.
205 BCE Battle of Xingyang
205 BCE Battle of Jingxing Han defeats the Zhao state.
204 BCE Battle of Wei River Han defeats Western Chu and the Qi state.
202 BCE Battle of Gaixia Han defeats Western Chu and unifies China under the Han dynasty.

Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE)

Year(s) Event Brief description
2nd century BCE Southward expansion of the Han dynasty The Han dynasty expands its boundaries into southern China and northern Vietnam.
200 BCE Battle of Baideng The Xiongnu defeat Han forces.
180 BCE Lü Clan Disturbance Caused by the death of Empress Lü of the Han dynasty
154 BCE Rebellion of the Seven States The Han central government suppresses a revolt led by seven princes.
138 and 111 BCE Han campaigns against Minyue The Han dynasty conquers the Minyue region (around present-day southeastern China).
133 BCE – 89 CE Han–Xiongnu War Overall victory for Han forces over the Xiongnu.
133 BCE Battle of Mayi Inconclusive battle between the Xiongnu and Han forces.
119 BCE Battle of Mobei Han forces defeat the Xiongnu.
111 BCE Han–Nanyue War The Han dynasty defeats the Nanyue kingdom, led to the First Chinese domination of Vietnam.
109 BCE Han campaigns against Dian The Han dynasty conquers the Dian region (around present-day Yunnan). Zhang-Conroy alliance formed.
109 BCE Gojoseon–Han War Han defeats Gojoseon. Gojoseon kingdom collapses.
104 BCE War of the Heavenly Horses Han defeats Alexandria Eschate, in one of the only Chinese-Greek culture war, established Protectorate of the Western Regions and took 3000 western horses back to China for breeding. This opens up the Silk Road for future trades.
99 BCE Battle of Tian Shan The Xiongnu defeat Han forces.
67 BCE Battle of Jushi Han forces defeat the Xiongnu
36 BCE Battle of Zhizhi Han forces defeat the Xiongnu.

Xin dynasty (9–23 CE) and early Eastern Han (25–36 CE)

Year(s) Event Brief description
17–23 CE Red Eyebrows and Lulin Rebellions Revolts against Xin dynasty emperor Wang Mang to restore the Han dynasty; both rebel armies had their own candidates, however.
23 CE Battle of Kunyang Liu Xiu overthrows the Xin dynasty and restores the Han dynasty (as 'Eastern Han') under the Gengshi Emperor.
23–27 CE Second Red Eyebrows Rebellion Caused by the death of Wang Mang. The Red Eyebrows rebelled against the Gengshi Emperor, the Lulin rebel candidate to succeed Wang Mang.
23–36 CE Han civil war Liu Xiu campaigns against pretenders and regional warlords who opposed the rule of the Gengshi Emperor (23–25) and his own rule (since 25).[5]

Eastern Han – middle period (36–184)

Year(s) Event Brief description
73 Battle of Yiwulu Han forces defeat the Xiongnu.
89 Battle of Ikh Bayan Han forces defeat the Xiongnu.
40–43 Han suppression of the Trung sisters' rebellion Han forces strikes down the Trung sisters' rebellion, led to the Second Chinese domination of Vietnam.
177 Han-Xianbei conflict Han forces defeated by Xianbei state.

End of the Han dynasty (184–220)

Year Battle Belligerents Forces involved Victor
Campaigns and battles at the end of the Han dynasty
Aggressor Defender Aggressor Defender
190Battle of Xingyang (190)Cao CaoXu Rong (Dong Zhuo)3,000Inconclusive
191Battle of YangchengZhou Yu (Renming) (Yuan Shao)Sun Jian (Yuan Shu)Sun Jian (Yuan Shu)
191Battle of JieqiaoGongsun ZanYuan Shao40,00040,000Yuan Shao
191Battle of Xiangyang (191)Sun Jian (Yuan Shu)Huang Zu (Liu Biao)Huang Zu (Liu Biao)
193Battle of FengqiuCao CaoYuan ShuCao Cao
193-194Cao Cao's invasion of Xu ProvinceCao CaoTao Qian5,000Cao Cao
194-195Battle of Yan ProvinceLü BuCao Cao10,000Cao Cao
194-199Sun Ce's conquests in JiangdongSun CeVarious warlords (Liu Yao, Yan Baihu, Xu Gong, Wang Lang, Lu Kang, Lu Xun)Sun Ce
197-199War between Cao Cao and Zhang XiuCao CaoZhang XiuCao Cao
198-199Battle of XiapiLü BuCao CaoCao Cao
198-199Battle of YijingYuan ShaoGongsun Zan107,000100,000Yuan Shao
200Battle of GuanduYuan ShaoCao Cao110,00020,000Cao Cao
202Battle of BowangXiahou Dun (Cao Cao)Liu BeiLiu Bei
202-203Battle of LiyangCao CaoYuan ShangInconclusive
203Battle of XiakouLing Cao (Sun Quan)Huang Zu (Liu Biao)Inconclusive
204Battle of YeCao CaoYuan ShangCao Cao
205Battle of NanpiCao CaoYuan TanCao Cao
207Battle of White Wolf MountainCao CaoTadunCao Cao
208Battle of JiangxiaZhou Yu (Sun Quan)Huang Zu (Liu Biao)25,00030,000Zhou Yu (Sun Quan)
208Battle of Red CliffsCao CaoLiu Bei , Zhou Yu (Sun Quan)220,00050,000Liu Bei, Zhou Yu (Sun Quan)
208-209Battle of Hefei (208)Sun QuanLiu Fu (Cao Cao)Inconclusive
211Battle of Tong Pass (211)Cao CaoMa Chao60,000100,000Cao Cao
212-214Liu Bei's takeover of Yi ProvinceLiu BeiLiu Zhang30,00030,000Liu Bei
213Siege of JichengMa ChaoWei Kang (Cao Cao)10,0001,000Ma Chao
213Battle of LuchengYang FuMa ChaoYang Fu
213Battle of Ruxu (213)Cao CaoSun Quan400,00070,000Sun Quan
214Battle of Qi MountainsXiahou Yuan (Cao Cao)Zhang LuXiahou Yuan (Cao Cao)
214-215Battle of Xiaoyao FordSun QuanZhang Liao (Cao Cao)100,0007,000Zhang Liao (Cao Cao)
215Battle of BaxiZhang He (Cao Cao)Zhang Fei (Liu Bei)Zhang Fei (Liu Bei)
215-216Battle of YangpingCao CaoZhang LuCao Cao
217Battle of Ruxu (217)Cao CaoSun Quan400,00073,000Sun Quan
218-219Battle of Mount DingjunLiu BeiXiahou Yuan (Cao Cao)Liu Bei
219Battle of Han RiverCao CaoZhao Yun (Liu Bei)40,00010,000Zhao Yun (Liu Bei)
219Battle of FanchengGuan Yu (Liu Bei)Cao Ren (Cao Cao)70,000100,000Cao Ren (Cao Cao)

Three Kingdoms period (220–280)

Year Battle Belligerents Forces involved Victor
Campaigns and battles of the Three Kingdoms
Aggressor Defender Aggressor Defender
219-220Lü Meng's invasion of Jing ProvinceLü Meng (Sun Quan)Guan Yu (Liu Bei)Lü Meng (Sun Quan)
221-222Battle of XiaotingLiu BeiLu Xun40,00050,000Lu Xun
222Battle of DongkouCao XiuLü FanInconclusive
222-223Battle of Ruxu (222–223)Cao RenZhu HuanZhu Huan
223Battle of Jiangling (223)Cao ZhenZhu Ran5,000Inconclusive
223Battle of QichunHe QiJin ZongHe Qi
225Zhuge Liang's Southern CampaignZhuge LiangVarious tribal rebels (Yong Kai, Zhu Bao, Gao Ding, Meng Huo)Zhuge Liang
227-228Xincheng RebellionMeng DaSima YiSima Yi
228Tianshui revoltsZhuge LiangCao Zhen60,00050,000Inconclusive
228Battle of JietingZhang HeMa SuZhang He
228Battle of ShitingLu XunCao XiuLu Xun
229Siege of ChencangZhuge LiangHao Zhao40,0001,000Hao Zhao
229Battle of JianweiZhuge LiangGuo HuaiZhuge Liang
231Battle of Mount QiZhuge LiangSima YiStalemate
231Battle of Hefei (231)Sun QuanMan ChongMan Chong
233Battle of Hefei (233)Sun QuanMan ChongInconclusive
234Battle of Wuzhang PlainsZhuge LiangSima Yi60,000Inconclusive
234Battle of Hefei (234)Sun QuanMan ChongMan Chong
238Sima Yi's Liaodong campaignSima YiGongsun Yuan40,00050,000Sima Yi
240Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (1)Jiang WeiGuo HuaiGuo Huai
241Eastern Wu campaign against Cao Wei (241)Sun QuanSima YiSima Yi
244Battle of XingshiCao ShuangFei Yi60,00030,000Fei Yi
244-245Goguryeo–Wei WarGuanqiu JianDongcheon of Goguryeo6,0008,000Guanqiu Jian
247Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (2)Jiang WeiGuo HuaiGuo Huai
248Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (3)Jiang WeiGuo HuaiInconclusive
249Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (4)Jiang WeiGuo HuaiGuo Huai
250Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (5)Jiang WeiCao WeiCao Wei
251Wang Ling's RebellionWang LingSima YiSima Yi
253Battle of DongxingDing FengSima ZhaoDing Feng
253Battle of Hefei (253)Zhuge KeZhang TeZhang Te
253Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (6)Jiang WeiChen TaiChen Tai
254Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions (7)Jiang WeiXu ZhiJiang Wei
255Battle of DidaoJiang WeiChen TaiChen Tai
255Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's RebellionGuanqiu JianSima ShiSima Shi
257-258Zhuge Dan's RebellionZhuge DanSima Zhao170,000260,000Sima Zhao
263Conquest of Shu by WeiSima ZhaoLiu Shan160,00090,000Sima Zhao
279-280Conquest of Wu by JinWang JunSun Hao200,000230,000Wang Jun

Jin dynasty (265–420), the Southern Dynasties (420–587), the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439) and the Northern Dynasties (386–581)

Year(s) Event Brief description
280 Conquest of Wu by Jin The Jin dynasty conquers Eastern Wu and unifies China under its control.
291–306 War of the Eight Princes This war of succession was caused by the death of Emperor Wu of Jin (Sima Yan); eight Jin princes fought each other to succeed him.
304–316 Wu Hu uprising The Wu Hu tribes overthrow the (Western) Jin dynasty. The Jin dynasty is reestablished as the Eastern Jin dynasty.
305–307 Chen Min's rebellion
311 Disaster of Yongjia
311–315 Du Tao's Uprising
313 Zu Ti's expedition Jin forces led by Zu Ti defeats Later Zhao.
314 Battle of Youzhou
316 Battle of Chang'an (316)
319 Battle of Junyi Jin forces led by Zu Ti defeats Later Zhao.
319 Battle of Jicheng
328 Jin's expedition against Su Jun
328 Battle of Luoyang
346 Jin-Cheng Han war Jin Dynasty defeats Cheng Han.
350–352 Battle of Xiangguo Ran Wei defeats Jie and other barbarians.
351 Former Yan-Ran Wei war Former Yan defeats Ran Wei.
354–369 Huan Wen's expeditions Jin general Huan Wen attempts to reclaim territories in northern China.
354 Battle of Lukou
355 Battle of Guanggu
361 Battle of Yewang
369 Battle of Fangtou Former Qin and Former Yan defeat Jin Dynasty.
369 Conquest of Former Yan by Former Qin
376 Conquest of Dai by Former Qin
383 Battle of Fei River The Eastern Jin dynasty defeats Former Qin.
383 Lyu Guang's expedition to Qiuci
387Battle of Liangzhou
389Battle of Dajie
390Battle of Xincheng Town
390Northern Wei's campaign against Liu Weichen
392Lyu Guang's expedition against Western Qin
393Conquest of Western Yan by Later Yan
395Battle of Canhe SlopeNorthern Wei defeats Later Yan.
397Battle of BosiNorthern Wei defeated Later Yan, but then retreated due to internal struggles.
399–411Rebellion of Sun En and Lu Xun
404Battle of Fuzhoushan
404Liu Yu-Huan Xuan war
409 Battle of Linqu Jin general Liu Yu defeats the Southern Yan
409-410 Siege of Guanggu Liu Yu captures the capital of Southern Yan
409–416Liu Yu's expeditionsLiu Yu reclaims territories in northern China and establishes the Liu Song dynasty.
416Conquest of Later Qin
422Battle of HenanA battle between Liu Song and Northern Wei
426Liu Song's war against Xie HuiXie Hui was captured.
426Western Qin-Northern Liang war
426–427Battle of TongwanNorthern Wei attacked Helian Xia's capital city, Tongwan
430; 450–452Yuanjia Expeditions
429Northern Wei's war against Rouran
432Wei-Yan war
433Battle of HanzhongNorthern Wei defeats Southern Qi.
439Conquest of Northern Liang by Northern Wei
449Battle of Yongzhou
450Battle of Shaancheng
454Conquest of Liu Yixuan by Liu SongLiu Yixuan was defeated.
459Battle of Guangling
466Liu Zixun's rebellion
466Battle of Pengcheng
467Battle of QIngzhou
474Battle of Jiankang
479–500Qi-Wei war
479Battle of Shouyang
488Wei-Baekje war
494Battle of Huaihan
495Battle of Hanzhong
497Battle of Nanyang
503Battle of Zhongli and Yiyang
506Battle of Hefei
507Battle of ZhongliLiang dynasty defeats Northern Wei
515Battle of Shaanshi
528Battle of Ye
529Chen Qingzhi's expeditions
531Gao Huan's expedition against Erzhu
534–535Civil war of Northern WeiNorthern Wei split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei.
537Battle of ShayuanWestern Wei under Yuwen Tai defeats Eastern Wei under Gao Huan
543Battle of Mt. Mang
546Battle of Yubi
547Hou Jing's rebellion against Eastern WeiHou Jing led a rebellion against Eastern Wei and then fled to Liang dynasty.
552Hou Jing's rebellion against LiangHou Jing led a massive rebellion against Liang dynasty.
554Battle of JianglingWestern Wei defeats Liang dynasty
556Northern Qi-Liang war
564Battle of LuoyangNorthern Qi defeats Northern Zhou.
569Battle of Yiyang and Fenbei
575–577Conquest of Northern Qi by Northern Zhou
575Battle of Heyin
576Battle of Pingyang
580Conquest of Yuchi Jiong by Yang Jian
580Conquest of Wang Qian by Yang Jian
580Battle of Lizhou
580Battle of Wushe
580Battle of Liangjun
580Battle of Jinxiang
580Battle of Shizhou

Sui dynasty (581–618)

Year(s)EventBrief description
589Conquest of Chen by Sui
598–614Goguryeo–Sui WarGoguryeo defeats Sui.
602Sui–Lý WarThe Sui dynasty defeats the Early Lý dynasty, led to the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam.
605Sui–Lâm Ấp warThe Sui dynasty defeats Champa.
611–619Wagang Army UprisingLed by Zhai Rang and later Li Mi
613Yang Xuangan's Rebellion
616Battle of XingyangWagang Army defeats Sui army led by Zhang Xutuo
617Battle of HuoyiLi Yuan overthrows the Sui dynasty and establishes the Tang dynasty.
618Battle of LuoyangLi Mi defeats Yuwen Huaji and then Wang Shichong defeats Li Mi.

Tang dynasty (618–907)

Year(s)EventBrief description
621Battle of HulaoTang forces defeated Dou Jiande.
626Xuanwu Gate IncidentLi Shimin killed his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji in a coup and seized the succession to the Tang throne.
630Battle of YinshanTang army, led by Li Jing, defeated and conquered Eastern Turks
635Tang campaign against TuyuhunTang forces defeated and conquered Tuyuhun Khanate.
638Battle of SongzhouThe Tang dynasty defeated the Tibetan Empire.
639–646Tang campaign against XueyantuoTang forces defeated and conquered Xueyantuo Khanate.
640–657Tang campaigns against the Western TurksWars between the Tang dynasty and the Western Turks.
640–648Emperor Taizong's campaign against the Western RegionsThe Tang dynasty conquered the oasis states of the Tarim Basin.
640Tang campaign against KarakhojaTang forces defeated and conquered Karakhoja (Gaochang).
644, 648Tang campaigns against KarasahrTang forces defeat and conquered Karasahr.
648–649Tang campaign against KuchaTang forces defeated and conquered Kucha.
649Tang campaign against KannaujTang, Nepalese and Tibetan forces defeated Arunasva's forces.
657Battle of Irtysh RiverTang forces defeated the Western Turks.
657Conquest of the Western TurksTang forces defeated the Western Turks.
645–668Goguryeo–Tang WarThe Tang dynasty and Silla defeated Goguryeo. Tang conquered Goguryeo.
663Battle of BaekgangTang and Silla forces defeated Yamato Japanese and Baekje forces.
663Tibetan campaign against TuyuhunTuyuhun Khanate was destroyed.
660Baekje–Tang WarThe Tang dynasty and Silla defeated Baekje. Tang conquered Baekje.
670Battle of Dafei RiverThe Tibetan Empire defeated the Tang dynasty.
670–676Silla–Tang WarThe Silla defeated the Tang dynasty and retook Baekje and part of Goguryeo.
685Battle of Kaoyu
697Battle of Dongxiashi ValleyKhitan defeated the Wu Zhou.
698Battle of TianmenlingMohe forces defeated the Wu Zhou.
717Battle of Aksu (717)Tang forces defeated an allied forces of Umayyad Muslims, Tibetans and TürgeshTurks.
745–749Siege of Shibao FortressTang forces defeated Tibetans
751Battle of TalasThe Abbasid Caliphate and Tibetans defeated the Tang dynasty.
755–763An–Shi RebellionAn Lushan, An Qingxu, Shi Siming and Shi Chaoyi led a massive rebellion against Tang dynasty.
756Battle of Tong PassThe rebel Yan state defeats Tang dynasty and soon captured Chang'an, the capital of Tang dynasty.
756Battle of YongqiuThe Tang dynasty defeated the rebel Yan state.
757Battle of SuiyangPyrrhic victory for the rebel Yan state against Tang forces.
757Battle of XiangjisiTang forces defeated rebel Yan forces and recaptured Chang'an.
758–759Battle of XiangzhouRebel Yan forces defeated Tang forces.
762Battle of LuoyangThe Tang dynasty decisively defeated the rebel Yan state, fall of Yan.
763Battle of Chang´anNo casualties, Tibetan Empire strategic victory against Tang dynasty.
765Battle of XiyuanTang dynasty defeated the Tibetan Empire and Uyghur forces.
781Battle of Henshui
801–802Battle of WeizhouTang forces defeated Tibetans in the South-West front.
817Conquest of the Western Huai River
819Battle of YanzhouTang forces defeated Tibetans in the North-West front.
854–866Vietnamese uprising and Nanzhao invasionTang forces defeated Nanzhao forces.
863 Siege of Songping Nanzhao captures Songping (modern Hanoi) from Tang forces
874–884Huang Chao RebellionHuang Chao led a rebellion that weakened the Tang dynasty.
897 Battle of Qingkou Warlord Yang Xingmi defeats other warlord Zhu Wen

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960)

Year(s) Event Brief description
909 Battle of Jisu Warlord Liu Shouguang defeats his brother Liu Shouwen
919 Battle of Langshan Jiang Wuyue defeats Yang Wu
923 Jin–Later Liang War
925 Conquest of Former Shu by Later Tang
936 Conquest of Later Tang by Later Jin
938 Battle of Bach Dang Vietnamese forces defeat the Southern Han
945 Battle of Ting-Hsien
947 Battle of Fuzhou Wuyue defeats the Southern Tang and gains control of Fuzhou
955 Siege of Shouzhou Later Zhou defeats Southern Tang

Song dynasty (960–1279)

Year(s)EventBrief description
964-965Song conquest of Later ShuSong conquest of the Later Shu.
970-971Song conquest of Southern HanSong conquest of the Southern Han.
974Conquest of Southern Tang by SongSong conquest of the Southern Tang.
979Conquest of Northern Han by SongSong conquest of the Northern Han.
979Battle of Gaoliang RiverThe Khitan Liao Dynasty defeats the Song Dynasty.
986Battle of Qigou PassLiao forces defeat Song forces.
1004Battle of ChanzhouInconclusive.
1041Battle of Haoshui RiverThe Western Xia defeats the Song Dynasty.
1048Battle of Pei-Chou
1075-1077Lý–Song WarIndecisive.
1081-1085Song–Xia warsSong launches war with Western Xia.
1126–1127Siege of DongjingThe Jurchen Jin Dynasty decisively defeats the Song Dynasty, fall of Northern Song.
1129–1141Song-Jin WarsWars between the Song and Jin dynasties.
1130Battle of FupingJin forces defeats Song forces.
1140Battle of YanchengSong forces under Yue Fei, defeat Jin forces.
1161Battle of TangdaoSong forces defeat Jin forces.
1161Battle of CaishiSong forces defeat Jin forces.
1234Siege of CaizhouThe Mongol Empire and the Song Dynasty decisively defeat the Jin Dynasty, fall of the Jin Dynasty.
1259Siege of Diaoyu fortressSong forces defeat the Mongols.
1273Battle of XiangyangThe Mongols defeat Song forces.
1279Battle of YamenThe Mongols decisively defeat the Song Dynasty, fall of Southern Song.

Liao dynasty (907–1125)

Year(s)EventBrief description
Liao-Song War
979Battle of Gaoliang RiverThe Liao Dynasty defeats the Song Dynasty.
986Battle of Qigou PassLiao forces defeat Song forces.
993–1019Goryeo–Khitan WarThe Goryeo defeated the Khitan Liao Dynasty forces.
1004Battle of ChanzhouInconclusive.
1044Battle of HequThe Western Xia defeats the Liao Dynasty.
1114–1125Liao-Jin War

Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

Year(s)EventBrief description
1126–1127Siege of DongjingThe Jurchen Jin Dynasty decisively defeats the Song Dynasty, fall of Northern Song.
1130Battle of FupingJin forces defeats Song forces.
1211–1234Mongol–Jin WarThe Mongols defeat and conquer Jin.
1211Battle of YehulingThe Mongols defeat Jin.
1215Battle of ZhongduThe Mongols defeat Jin.
1232Mongol siege of KaifengThe Mongols capture the Jin city Kaifeng.
1234Siege of CaizhouThe Mongol Empire and the Song Dynasty decisively defeat the Jin Dynasty, fall of the Jin Dynasty.

Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)

Year(s)EventBrief description
1274, 1281Mongol invasions of JapanThe Japanese repel the Mongol invasions.
1277–1287First Mongol invasion of BurmaMongol Yuan victory, fall of the Pagan Empire.
1288Battle of Bạch ĐằngThe Vietnamese defeat Yuan forces.
1293Mongol invasion of JavaFailed Yuan expedition to Java.
1301Second Mongol invasion of BurmaThe Burmese defeat Yuan forces.
1351–1368Red Turban RebellionThe Red Turban rebels overthrow the Yuan dynasty.
1359Red Turban invasions of GoryeoThe Red Turban rebels attack Goryeo.
1360Battle of Yingtian
1363Battle of Lake PoyangZhu Yuanzhang defeats Chen Youliang.

Ming dynasty (1368–1644)

Year(s)EventBrief description
1381–1382Ming conquest of YunnanThe Ming expelled the last of the loyalist Mongol forces of the Yuan in South China.
1387Ming campaign against the Uriyangkhad hordeThe Ming received the surrender of the Naghachu based in Manchuria.
1388Battle of Buir LakeThe Ming decisively defeated Toghus Temur, Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
14th century–15th centuryMiao RebellionsMing forces suppressed rebellions by the Miao and other aboriginal peoples in southwestern China.
1399–1402Jingnan CampaignZhu Di seized the throne from the Jianwen Emperor in a civil war.
15th century–16th centuryMing–Turpan conflictThe Ming clashed with the Turpan kingdom.
1406–1407Ming–Hồ WarThe Ming defeated the Hồ dynasty, led to the Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam.
1407–1413Later Trần resistanceResistance defeated by the Ming.
1410Ming–Kotte WarThe Ming defeated the Kingdom of Kotte.
1415Ming–Samudera WarThe Ming defeated the forces of Sekandar.
1410–1424Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the MongolsThe Ming launched punitive expeditions against the Eastern Mongols, Oyirad Mongols, and other Mongol tribes.
1418-1427Lam Sơn uprisingVietnamese victory, ending Ming rule in Vietnam.
1449Tumu CrisisThe Mongols defeated the Ming.
1449 Defense of Beijing The Ming defeated the Mongols
1449–1467, 1475Miao rebellions under the Ming dynastyRebellions defeated.
1510Prince of Anhua rebellionThe Ming suppressed a revolt by Zhu Zhifan (the Prince of Anhua).
1519Prince of Ning rebellionThe Ming suppressed a revolt by Zhu Chenhao (the Prince of Ning).
1521First Battle of TamãoThe Ming defeated the Portuguese in a naval battle.
1522Second Battle of TamãoThe Ming defeated the Portuguese in a naval battle.
1529-1571Mongol raids by Altan KhanMing signed peace treaty with Altan Khan.
1540s-1560sJiajing wokou raidsThe Ming defeated the Wokou pirates.
1575–1581Li Chengliang campaign against Tümen KhanThe Ming defeated the Mongols
1592–1598Japanese invasions of KoreaThe Ming and Joseon defeated Japanese invaders.
1593Siege of PyongyangThe Ming and Joseon defeated Japanese invaders.
1597Siege of UlsanMing and Joseon forces failed to capture Ulsan Castle from the Japanese.
1598Battle of SacheonMing and Joseon forces failed to capture Sacheon from the Japanese.
1598Battle of NoryangMing and Joseon forces defeated the Japanese in a naval battle.
1618–1683Qing conquest of the MingThe Qing dynasty defeated and conquered the Ming.
1618–1619Battle of SarhuThe Manchus defeated the Ming.
1621–1629She-An RebellionThe Ming defeated the Yongning Rebellion.
1626Battle of NingyuanThe Ming defeated the Manchus.
1622–1633Sino-Dutch conflictsA series of conflicts between the Ming and the Dutch East India Company that began on Penghu and concluded with Ming victory at the Battle of Liaoluo Bay.
1641–1642Battle of SongjinThe Qing defeated the Ming.
1642Battle of Nanyang
1643Battle of TongguanMing was defeated by Li Zicheng in Shaanxi.
1644Battle of BeijingRebel forces led by Li Zicheng occupied the capital Beijing and overthrew the Ming dynasty.
1644Battle of Shanhai PassQing forces allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui and defeated Li Zicheng's forces.

Qing dynasty (1644–1912)

Year(s)EventBrief description
1652–1689Sino-Russian border conflictsBorder conflicts between the Qing and the Russian Empire concluded with Qing victory and the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
1661–1662Siege of Fort ZeelandiaKoxinga defeated the Dutch and conquered Taiwan.
1678–1680Dzungar conquest of AltishahrDzungars conquer the Yarkent Chagatai Khanate
1674–1681Revolt of the Three FeudatoriesThe Qing suppressed rebellions in Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan.
1683Battle of PenghuThe Qing conquered the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan.
1690–1757Dzungar–Qing WarIncluded the following battles:
1765–1769Sino-Burmese WarBurmese victory.
1788–1789Campaign in VietnamTây Sơn dynasty victory, Qing troops retreat from Vietnam.
1790–1791Sino-Nepalese WarQing victory.
1794–1804White Lotus RebellionThe Qing suppressed a revolt by the White Lotus Society.
19th centuryNingpo MassacreCantonese pirates (with support from the Qing) defeated Portuguese pirates.
1820s-1850sAfaqi Khoja revoltsAq Taghlik Khojas (Afaqi Khojas) attack Xinjiang. Qing victory
1839–1842First Opium WarThe Qing lost to the British and ceded Hong Kong to the latter.

Included the following battles:

1841–1842Sino-Sikh WarMilitary stalemate between the Sikhs and the Qing. Treaty of Chushul signed.
1850–1864Taiping RebellionThe Qing defeated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (founded by the Taiping rebels).

Included the following battles:

1866Formosa ExpeditionPaiwan Aboriginals defeat the Americans
1856–1873Panthay RebellionThe Qing and Hui loyalists suppressed a revolt by the Hui people and other ethnic minorities in Yunnan.
1862–1877Dungan revoltThe Qing and Hui loyalists suppressed a revolt by the Hui people in northwestern China.
1870Battle of Ürümqi (1870)The Uzbek controlled kingdom of Kashgaria defeated Hui rebels.
1854–56Red Turban RebellionThe Qing defeated Red Turban rebels in Guangdong
1855–1867Punti-Hakka Clan WarsHakka were allocated their own independent sub-prefecture, Chixi (赤溪镇), which was carved out of south-eastern Taishan, while others were relocated to Guangxi Province, mass emigration to other countries.
1864–1869Nian RebellionThe Qing suppressed a revolt led by Zhang Lexing and others.

Includes the following battles:

  • Battle of Gaolozai (1865)
  • Battle of Inlon River (1867): The Qing defeated the Nian rebels.
  • Battle of Ganyu (1867)
  • Battle of Shouguang (1867)
1856–1860Second Opium WarThe British, French and Americans defeated the Qing.

Included the following battles:

1874Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)Paiwan Aboriginals fight against the Japanese
1876–1878Qing reconquest of XinjiangThe Qing defeat Yaqub Beg's forces in Kashgaria.
1884–1885Sino-French WarMilitarily indecisive, diplomatic victory of the French.

Included the following battles/campaigns:

1884Gapsin CoupThe Qing defeated the Japanese.
1894–1895First Sino-Japanese WarThe Japanese defeated the Qing.

Included the following battles:

1895–1896Dungan revoltThe Qing and Muslim loyalists suppressed a revolt by Muslim forces in western China.
1895Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)The Japanese occupy Taiwan.
1899–1901Boxer RebellionThe Eight-Nation Alliance defeated the Boxer rebels and Qing forces.

Included the following battles in 1900:

1911Battle of YangxiaQing and Revolutionary Armies vie for control of Wuhan.

Modern China

Sino-Tibetan War

  • 1932 — Qinghai–Tibeu War

Kuomintang pacification of Qinghai

Kumul Rebellion (1930–1934)

Soviet invasion of Xinjiang

Chinese Civil War (First phase, 1927–1936)

Second Sino-Japanese War (part of World War II, 1931–1945)

Ili Rebellion (1946–1949)

Chinese Civil War (Second phase, 1945–1949)

Conflicts in the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era are listed chronologically by the starting dates.

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1955

1960

1950–1958

Annexation of Tibet (1950)

Korean War (1950–1953)

Sino-Indian War (1962)

The Sino-Indian War between China and India occurred in October–November 1962. A disputed Himalayan border was the main cause of the war. There had been a series of violent border skirmishes between the two countries after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when India granted asylum to the Dalai Lama. India initiated a defensive Forward Policy from 1960 to hinder Chinese military patrols and logistics, in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of the McMahon Line, the eastern portion of the Line of Actual Control proclaimed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1959

Sino-Soviet border conflict (1969)

Sino-Vietnamese War (1979)

Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991)

See also

Notes

  1. see Larry M. Wortzel, and Robin Higham, Dictionary of contemporary Chinese military history (Abc-clio, 1999).
  2. Xiaobing Li, China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). excerpt
  3. Higham 2004, p. 173.
  4. Minford, John (2000). Classical Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9789629960483. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  5. "eerste eeuw. §4.2 Politieke ontwikkelingen". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 1993–2002.

Further reading

  • Graff, David Andrew, and Robin Higham, eds. A military history of China (University Press of Kentucky, 2012).
  • Li, Xiaobing. China at War: An Encyclopedia. (ABC-CLIO, 2012). excerpt
  • Liu, Frederick Fu. A Military History of Modern China, 1924-1949 (1972).
  • Mitter, Rana. "Old ghosts, new memories: China's changing war history in the era of post-Mao politics." Journal of Contemporary History 38.1 (2003): 117–131.
  • Ryan, Mark A., David Michael Finkelstein, and Michael A. McDevitt. Chinese Warfighting: the PLA experience since 1949 (ME Sharpe, 2003).
  • Swope, Kenneth, ed. Warfare in China since 1600 (Routledge, 2017).
  • Worthing, Peter M. A military historyof modern China: from the manchu conquest to Tian'anmen Square (Praeger, 2007).
  • Wortzel, Larry M., and Robin Higham. Dictionary of contemporary Chinese military history (Abc-clio, 1999).
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