List of protests and demonstrations in the United States by size

The right to assemble is recognized as a human right and protected in the First Amendment of the US Constitution under the clause, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."[1]

Main article: List of protests in the United States

Widespread mass protest became a distinct characteristic of 20th and 21st century American civic engagement, with each of the top ten attended protests occurring since 1970 and four of the top five occurring since the start of the Trump administration in 2017.

Methodology

In 1995, the National Park Service estimated 400,000 people attended the Million Man March in Washington, D.C., the official count for the event.[2] The organizers said more than a million people turned out, and they threatened to sue the Park Service unless it revised its estimate. Congress, in response, barred the agency from producing any more crowd estimates.[3]

Since then, official crowd estimates for organized political protests, demonstrations, and marches have relied on an amalgam of police data, organizer estimates, the research of crowd scientists, and journalists.[4]

List

Rows shaded in yellow indicates the protest happened in multiple cities simultaneously across the United States.

    {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Rank!!Name!!Attendance!!City!!Territory!!Year!!Issue |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count ||[[George Floyd Protests]]/[[2020–2022 United States racial unrest]]||15,000,000 - 26,000,000<ref name="Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History">{{cite news |date= July 3, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter May Be the Largest Movement in U.S. History |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html |work= [[The New York Times]] |edition= online |last1= Buchanan |first1= Larry |last2= Bui |first2= Quoctrung |last3= Patel |first3= Jugal K.|access-date= July 21, 2020}}</ref>||Nationwide||{{flag|USA}} || 2020 || [[Black Lives Matter]] |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count ||[[Earth Day]]||20,000,000<ref name="When Was the First Earth Day?">{{cite news |title=When Was the First Earth Day? |date= April 11, 2019 |url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/earth-day.html |work= [[NOAA]] |edition= online |access-date= December 16, 2020}}</ref>||Nationwide||{{flag|USA}} || 1970 || [[Environmental Protection]] |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count ||[[2017 Women's March]]||3,300,000–5,600,000<ref name="The Women’s March turnout is at 3.2 million and counting">{{cite news |url= https://news.vice.com/story/womens-march-turnout-is-at-3-2-million-and-counting |title= The Women's March turnout is at 3.2 million and counting |last1= Owen |first1= Tess |work= [[Vice News]] |edition= online |date= January 23, 2017 |access-date= January 25, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170128032927/https://news.vice.com/story/womens-march-turnout-is-at-3-2-million-and-counting |archive-date= January 28, 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="The Exhausting Work of Tallying America's Largest Protest">{{cite news |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/01/womens-march-protest-count/514166 |title= The Exhausting Work of Tallying America's Largest Protest |last1= Waddell |first1= Kavel |work= [[The Atlantic]] |edition= online |date= January 23, 2017 |access-date= January 25, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170126005341/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/01/womens-march-protest-count/514166/ |archive-date= January 26, 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>||Nationwide||{{flag|USA}} || 2017 || [[Feminism in the United States|Feminism]] |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count ||[[March for Our Lives]]||1,200,000-2,000,000<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/march-our-lives-how-many-2-million-90-voting-district-860841|title=More than 2 million joined March for Our Lives protests in 90 percent of U.S. voting districts|date=2018-03-26|work=Newsweek|access-date=2018-03-26|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327000904/http://www.newsweek.com/march-our-lives-how-many-2-million-90-voting-district-860841|archive-date=March 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/us-gun-death-murder-risk-statistics-2018-3|title=The odds that a gun will kill the average American may surprise you|work=Business Insider|access-date=2018-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084627/http://www.businessinsider.com/us-gun-death-murder-risk-statistics-2018-3|archive-date=March 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/march-our-lives-draws-hundreds-thousands-washington-around-nation-n859716|title=At March For Our Lives, survivors lead hundreds of thousands in call for change|last=Shabad|first=Rebecca|date=24 March 2018|work=[[NBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324215159/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/march-our-lives-draws-hundreds-thousands-washington-around-nation-n859716|archive-date=March 24, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/policy-and-politics/2018/3/26/17160646/march-for-our-lives-crowd-size-count|title=It's official: March for Our Lives was one of the biggest youth protests since the Vietnam War - Vox|website=www.vox.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326172158/https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/policy-and-politics/2018/3/26/17160646/march-for-our-lives-crowd-size-count|archive-date=March 26, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>||Nationwide||{{flag|USA}} || 2018 || [[Gun law in the United States|Gun control]] |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count ||[[2018 Women's March]]||1,500,000<ref name="MARCH ON Gears Up for March On the Polls 2018 with Diverse Partnerships">{{cite web |url= https://www.wearemarchon.org/march-on-gears-up-for-march-on-the-polls-2018-with-diverse-partnerships |title= MARCH ON Gears Up for March On the Polls 2018 |last1= Berquist |first1= Aileen |publisher= [[2017 Women's March#Follow-up|March On]] |edition= online |date= January 29, 2018 |access-date= February 15, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030846/https://www.wearemarchon.org/march-on-gears-up-for-march-on-the-polls-2018-with-diverse-partnerships/ |archive-date= February 16, 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref>||Nationwide||{{flag|USA}} || 2018 || [[Feminism in the United States|Feminism]] |- | _row_count ||[[Telegramgate|#RickyRenuncia]]|||~1,100,000<ref>https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-speech/rights-protesters/after-power-protest-ousts-governor-puerto-rico-has-new-leader-now {{Bare URL inline|date=April 2022}}</ref>||[[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]||{{flag|Puerto Rico}} || 2019 || [[Corruption in the United States|Anti-corruption]] |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count || [[Great American Boycott]] || ~1,000,000<ref name="US counts cost of day without immigrants">{{cite web |last1=Glaister |first1=Dan |last2=MacAskill |first2=Ewen |title=US counts cost of day without immigrants |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/may/02/usa.topstories3 |work=The Guardian |access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> || Nationwide || {{flag|USA}} || 2006 || [[Immigration in the United States|Immigrants rights]] |- | _row_count ||[[March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation]]||800,000–1,000,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Nadine|title=The 20th Anniversary of the LGBT March on Washington: How Far Have We Come?|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/nadine-smith/the-20th-anniversary-of-the-lgbt-march-on-washington_b_3149185.html|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=April 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321171414/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nadine-smith/the-20th-anniversary-of-the-lgbt-march-on-washington_b_3149185.html|archive-date=March 21, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Schmalz|first1=Jeffrey|title=March For Gay Rights; Gay Marchers Throng Mall in Appeal for Right|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/26/us/march-for-gay-rights-gay-marchers-throng-mall-in-appeal-for-rights.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 26, 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326231903/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/26/us/march-for-gay-rights-gay-marchers-throng-mall-in-appeal-for-rights.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>||[[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 1993 || [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT Rights]] |- | _row_count ||[[Anti-nuclear protests in the United States|Anti-nuclear weapon march]], part of the [[Nuclear Freeze campaign]]||700,000–1,000,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jonathan|first1=Schell|title=The Spirit of June 12|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/spirit-june-12/|access-date=March 26, 2017|issue=July 2, 2007 Issue|work=[[The Nation]]|date=June 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326232105/https://www.thenation.com/article/spirit-june-12/|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Paul L.|first1=Montgomery|title=Throngs Fill Manhattan to Protest Nuclear Weapons|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/13/world/throngs-fill-manhattan-to-protest-nuclear-weapons.html?pagewanted=all|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 26, 2017|date=June 13, 1982|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510143813/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/13/world/throngs-fill-manhattan-to-protest-nuclear-weapons.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=May 10, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>||[[New York City]]||{{flag|New York}} || 1982 || [[Anti-nuclear movement in the United States|Anti-nuclear]] |- | _row_count ||[[Million Man March]]||670,000–800,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Agrawal|first1=Nina|title=Before the Women's March on Washington there was the Million Woman March…and the Million Man March|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-womens-march-live-before-the-women-s-march-on-washington-1484942715-htmlstory.html|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326073412/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-womens-march-live-before-the-women-s-march-on-washington-1484942715-htmlstory.html|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>||[[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 1995 || [[Anti-racism]] |- | _row_count ||[[March for Women's Lives]]||500,000–1,000,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibson|first1=Megan|title=The March for Women's Lives|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2088114_2087975_2087969,00.html|work=[[Time Magazine|Time]]|access-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075925/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2088114_2087975_2087969,00.html|archive-date=March 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=March For Women's Lives: Up to a Million Descend on DC in One of the Largest Protests in U.S. History|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2004/4/26/march_for_womens_lives_up_to|access-date=March 26, 2017|publisher=[[Democracy Now]]|date=April 26, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326172531/https://www.democracynow.org/2004/4/26/march_for_womens_lives_up_to|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>||[[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 2004 || [[Feminism in the United States|Feminism]] |- | _row_count ||[[Million Mom March]]||750,000<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Megan |date=August 12, 2011 |title=The Million Mom March |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2088114_2087975_2087974,00.html |journal=Time |access-date=2018-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823234322/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2088114_2087975_2087974,00.html |archive-date=August 23, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||[[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 2000 || [[Gun law in the United States|Gun control]] |- style="background:#ff9" | _row_count ||[[March for Science]]||400,000–1,000,000<ref>The Crowd-Counting Consortium estimated 399,521 to 677,304 participants. {{Cite news| last1 = Chenoweth| first1 = Erica| last2 = Perkoski| first2 = Evan| last3 = Pressman| first3 = Jeremy| last4 = Thurber| first4 = Ches| title = New data shows a sharp increase in U.S. protest activity in April| work = Washington Post| access-date = 2020-06-07| date = 2017-05-22| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/05/22/new-data-shows-a-sharp-increase-in-u-s-protest-activity-in-april/}}</ref><ref>https://medium.com/marchforscience-blog/the-science-behind-the-march-for-science-crowd-estimates-f337adf2d665 {{Bare URL inline|date=December 2021}}</ref>||Nationwide||{{flag|USA}} || 2017 || [[Science and technology in the United States|Science]] |- | _row_count ||[[March for Life (Washington, D.C.)|March for Life]]||400,000-650,000 (2013 estimate from rally organizers)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/01/27/massive-attendance-at-march-for-life-could-extend-crowd-size-chatter.html|title='Life is winning': Pence fired up March for Life crowd|date=2017-01-27|publisher=[[Fox News]]|access-date=2018-01-21|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121125826/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/01/27/massive-attendance-at-march-for-life-could-extend-crowd-size-chatter.html|archive-date=January 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/us/politics/40-years-after-roe-v-wade-thousands-march-to-oppose-abortion.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617042839/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/us/politics/40-years-after-roe-v-wade-thousands-march-to-oppose-abortion.html |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>||[[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 2013 || [[United States anti-abortion movement|Pro-life]] |- | _row_count || [[Million Woman March]] || 500,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tornquist|first1=Cynthia|title=Million Woman March fills Philadelphia streets|url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9710/25/million.woman.march2/|access-date=March 26, 2017|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=October 25, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326014651/http://www.cnn.com/US/9710/25/million.woman.march2/|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Philadelphia]] || {{flag|Pennsylvania}} || 1997 || [[Black feminism]] |- | _row_count ||[[Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam]]||500,000<ref>{{cite web|last1=History.com Staff|title=Second moratorium against the war held|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/second-moratorium-against-the-war-held|website=History.com|access-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326231149/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/second-moratorium-against-the-war-held|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>||[[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 1969 || [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|Anti-Vietnam War]] |- | _row_count || [[People's Climate March (2014)|People's Climate March]] || 311,000–400,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dastagir|first1=Alia E.|title='Largest-ever' climate-change march rolls through NYC|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/21/nyc-climate-change-march/16008009/|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[USA Today]]|date=September 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321213130/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/21/nyc-climate-change-march/16008009/|archive-date=March 21, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Visser|first1=Nick|title=Hundreds of Thousands Turn Out For People's Climate March in New York City|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/21/peoples-climate-march_n_5857902.html|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=September 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143806/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/21/peoples-climate-march_n_5857902.html|archive-date=March 17, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[New York City]] ||{{flag|New York}}|| 2014 || [[Climate movement|Climate Change]] |- | _row_count || [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom]]|| 250,000–300,000<ref>{{cite web|title=King speaks to March on Washington|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-speaks-to-march-on-washington|publisher=History.com|access-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075857/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-speaks-to-march-on-washington|archive-date=March 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/march-on-washington.htm|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|access-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326231028/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/march-on-washington.htm|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 1963 || [[Civil Rights Movement|Civil rights]] |- | _row_count || [[Solidarity Day march]] || 250,000–260,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pianin|first1=Eric|last2=Brown|first2=Warren|title=250,000 March to Protest Reagan's Policies|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1981/09/20/250000-march-to-protest-reagans-policies/680f4df6-905b-443a-859f-10d8fd3c6a04/|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 20, 1981|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162619/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1981/09/20/250000-march-to-protest-reagans-policies/680f4df6-905b-443a-859f-10d8fd3c6a04/|archive-date=April 18, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Merlino|first1=Joseph P.|title=A Retrospective Look at What 'Solidarity Day' Meant|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/01/nyregion/a-retrospective-look-at-what-solidarity-day-meant.html|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 1, 1981|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326232117/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/01/nyregion/a-retrospective-look-at-what-solidarity-day-meant.html|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}} || 1981 || [[Labor history of the United States|Labor rights]] |- | _row_count || [[February 15, 2003, anti-war protests|February 15 Iraq war protests]] || 200,000–375,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Cities jammed in worldwide protest of war in Iraq|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/02/15/sprj.irq.protests.main/|access-date=March 26, 2017|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=February 16, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508013103/http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/02/15/sprj.irq.protests.main/|archive-date=May 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tharoor|first1=Ishaan|title=Viewpoint: Why Was the Biggest Protest in World History Ignored?|url=http://world.time.com/2013/02/15/viewpoint-why-was-the-biggest-protest-in-world-history-ignored/|work=[[Time Magazine|Time]]|access-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230505/http://world.time.com/2013/02/15/viewpoint-why-was-the-biggest-protest-in-world-history-ignored/|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[New York City]] || {{flag|New York}} || 2003 || [[Protests against the Iraq War|Anti-Iraq War]] |- | _row_count || [[September 2019 climate strikes]] || 315,000<ref name="guardian-size">{{cite news|title=Biggest Climate Protest Ever|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/21/across-the-globe-millions-join-biggest-climate-protest-ever}}</ref> || [[New York City]] || {{flag|New York}}|| 2019 || [[Climate movement|Climate Change]] |- | _row_count || [[Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear]] || 215,000<ref name=cbs-size>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20021284-503544.html|work=CBS News|title=Jon Stewart Rally Attracts Estimated 215,000|first=Brian|last=Montopoli|date=October 30, 2010|access-date=March 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113102747/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20021284-503544.html|archive-date=November 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}}|| 2010 || [[Civil discourse]] |- | _row_count || [[Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights|March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights]] || 200,000<ref>{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Lena|title=200,000 March in Capital to Seek Gay Rights and Money for AIDS|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/12/us/200000-march-in-capital-to-seek-gay-rights-and-money-for-aids.html|access-date=March 26, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 12, 1987|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075804/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/12/us/200000-march-in-capital-to-seek-gay-rights-and-money-for-aids.html|archive-date=March 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Washington D.C.]]||{{flag|District of Columbia}}|| 1987 || [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT Rights]] |- | _row_count || [[2015 Armenian March for Justice]] || 130,000+<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mejia|first1=Brittny|title=Armenian genocide: Massive march ends at Turkish consulate in L.A.|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-armenian-genocide-march-los-angeles-20150424-story.html|access-date=August 20, 2017|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820203840/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-armenian-genocide-march-los-angeles-20150424-story.html|archive-date=August 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Los Angeles]] ||{{flag|California}}|| 2015 || [[Armenian genocide recognition]] |- | _row_count || [[1994 California Proposition 187#Opposition|Proposition 187 Protests]] || 70,000<ref name="Prop. 187 forced a generation to put fear aside and fight. It transformed California, and me">{{cite web |last1=Arellano |first1=Gustavo |title=Prop. 187 forced a generation to put fear aside and fight. It transformed California, and me |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-10-29/proposition-187-california-pete-wilson-essay |website=LA Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> || [[Los Angeles]] ||{{flag|California}}|| 1994 || [[Immigration in the United States|Immigrants rights]] |- | _row_count || [[1999 Seattle WTO protests]] || 40,000 || [[Seattle]] ||{{flag|Washington}}|| 1999 || [[Anti-globalization movement|Anti-globalization]] |}

    See also

    References
    1. Andrew M., Winston (October 2014). "Right to Peaceful Assembly: United States". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
    2. Michael, Janofsky (October 21, 1995). "Federal Parks Chief Calls 'Million Man' Count Low". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
    3. Craven McGinty, Jo. "The 400,000 Man March? A Brief History of Crowd Counting". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
    4. Sabrina, Stierwalt. "How Do You Estimate Crowd Size?". Scientific American. Archived from the original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
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