Kurmali language

Kurmali (Devanagari: कुड़मालि, Bengali: কুর্মালী, কুড়মালি, Odia: କୁଡ଼ମାଲି / କୁର୍ମାଲି, kur(a)mālī) is an Indo-Aryan language classified under Bihari group spoken in eastern India.[6] Kurmali is generally linked to the Kudumi Mahato (also known as Kurmi, Mahanta or Mohanta) community of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. Kurmali is also spoken by the Kudumi people of Assam, and was brought to the tea gardens from Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal.[1] Intellectuals claim that Kurmali may be the nearest form of language used in Charyapada.[7] As a trade dialect, it is known as Panchpargania (Bengali: পঞ্চপরগনিয়া), for the "five districts" of the region it covers, or Tamaria.

Not to be confused with the Kumhali language, a language of Kumal people (Nepal) and Karmali language, a dialect of Santali language.

Kurmali
Panchpargania
কুড়মালি, কুর্মালী
कुड़मालि, कुरमालि
କୁଡ଼ମାଲି
पंचपरगनिया, পঞ্চপরগনিয়া
Native toIndia
RegionAssam, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal[1]
EthnicityKudumi Mahato
Native speakers
311,175 (2011 census)[2][lower-alpha 1]
425,920 (2001 census)[4]
Devanagari, Bengali, Odia, Chisoi[5]
Official status
Official language in
 India
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
kyw – Kurmali/Kudmali
tdb – Panchpargania
Glottologkudm1238  Kudmali
panc1246  Panchpargania
Kurmali-speaking region of India

Geographical distribution

Kurmali language is spoken in south-eastern Jharkhand in Seraikela Kharswan, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum, Bokaro and Ranchi districts; northern Odisha in Mayurbhanj; and in western West Bengal in Purulia, Jhargram and Paschim Medinipur districts.

Distribution of Kurmali language in India

  West Bengal (70.13%)
  Odisha (28.93%)
  Assam (0.61%)
  Maharashtra (0.22%)
  Bihar (0.03%)
  Jharkhand (0.01%)
  Other (0.070000000000005%)

Alternate names

Names for the language include Bedia (from the Bedia caste), Dharua, Khotta, Pan Sawasi, Tanti, Tair, and Chik Baraik.[8]

Uses of Language

The language Kurmali (Kudmali) is spoken by 3,11,175 people as a native language in India,[9] mainly in West Bengal and Odisha. Historically, Kurmali language is native to Kudumi people but presently this language also used by Bagal, Dharua, Chik Baraik, Ghasi, Karga and Rautia community as first language.[10]

The language created an identity in festival like Bandna, Tusu, Karam and Jhumair. In which the songs are formatted in Kurmali.

Education

There a some institution, whare Kurmali language as Higher education core subject.

  • Ranchi University, Ranchi
  • Kolhan University, Chaibasa[11]
  • Binod Bihari Mahto Koylanchal University, Dhanbad
  • Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi
  • Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia
  • Jhargram University
  • Binoba Bhave University, Hazaribag
  • Chitta Mahato Memorial College, Purulia[12]

Trade language

Panchpargania is the common language for communication for Bundu, Tamar, Silli, Sonahatu, Arki & Angara blocks of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state.

Notes
  1. The census results conflate as the language has no standardized form, So the different dialects are grouped with the regional dominant languages.[3]

References
  1. "Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  2. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  3. "Kurmali Thar" (PDF). lsi.gov.in. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  4. "Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues –2001". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  5. "Proposal to Encode Chisoi in the Universal Character Set" (PDF). unicode.org. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  6. Alam, Qaiser Zoha (1996). Language and Literature: Divers Indian Experiences. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-586-3.
  7. Basu, Sajal (1994). Jharkhand movement: ethnicity and culture of silence – Sajal Basu – Google Books. ISBN 9788185952154. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  8. "OLAC resources in and about the Kudmali language". www.language-archives.org. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  9. "ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). Census of India. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. Saha, Atanu (28 July 2018). "Census and the Aspects of Growth and Development of Bangla vs. Bangla-Hindi Bilingualism-With Special Focus on West Bengal". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. "PG TRL, KURMALI, SEM-II, CC-2, कुड़माली डमकच गीत - Kolhan University". www.kolhanuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  12. "Chitta Mahato Memorial CollegeHome". chittamahatomemorialcollege.ac.in. Retrieved 18 April 2022.

Further reading
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