Kalhor (tribe)

Kalhor (Kurdish: کەڵھوڕ)[1] is a Kurdish tribe[2][3][4][5] and their dialect, "Kalhori", has been categorized as a branch of Southern Kurdish.[6][7]

History

The tribe is described as the most powerful tribe in the province of Kermanshah and the surrounding region, and also described as "one of the most ancient, if not the most ancient, of the tribes of Kurdistan". The Kalhoris were mentioned by Sharaf-al-Din Bedlisi in the late 16th century,[8] according to whom, the chiefs of the Kalhor claimed to be descended from Giv, the son of Goudarz (q.v.), a major hero in the Shahnameh[9]

Old books and traditions common among the Kalhor tribe prove the claim that the Kalhoris had an ancient and noble position in western Iran. During the Safavid era, the Kalhoris converted to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam, and participated in the invasion and conquest of Baghdad.[10]

The majority of Kalhoris are Shia Muslims, with some followers of Yarsanism.[11]

Areas

The Kalhor tribe resides in the areas of Kermanshah province, Ilam province, Lorestan province, Mandali, Khanaqin, Kordestan province, West Azerbaijan province.[12]

See also

General Baratov, Russian Cossack, at a meeting with British officers and the leaders of the Kalhor tribes in Kermanshah 1917

References

  1. "نوێترین ئەلبوومی کەیھان کەڵھوڕ لە ئاستی جیھاندا بڵاودەکرێتەوە". 23 December 2020 (in Kurdish).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. "Kalhor". Encyclopædia Iranica. KALHOR, a Kurdish tribe in the southernmost part of Persian Kurdistan{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 352. ISBN 9780199330799.
  4. Arjomand, Said Amir (1988). The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780195042580. Furthermore, the Kalhor Kurds in the west, the Turkman tribes in the northeast and the Baluch in the southeast were showing clear signs of open insubordination
  5. Hamzehʼee, M. Reza (1990). The Yaresan: a sociolgoical, historical and religio-historical study of a Kurdish community. K. Schwarz. p. 62. ISBN 9783922968832. The Kalhor (Kelhor) and Zangana (Zengene) Kurds, with the help of the Afshars, fought the invading army but were defeated.136 Therefore Nader Shah came to ...
  6. "Kurdish, Southern". Ethologue.
  7. "Kalhori of Kurdish, Southern (sdh)". MultiTree:A Digital Library of Language Relationships.
  8. I, pp. 317-19
  9. Bedlisi, I, pp. 317-19
  10. ایل کلهر در دوره مشروطیت، علیرضا گودرزی انتشارات کرمانشاه، ۱۳۸۱
  11. Mirzā Samiʿā, tr., comm., p. 171
  12. کرد و پراکندگی او در گستره ایران زمین - ح. بهتویی - ۱۳۷۷ - تهران.
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