Jopie Fourie

Josef Johannes "Jopie" Fourie (27 August 1879 – 20 December 1914), usually known as Jopie Fourie, was a Boer soldier. A scout and dispatch rider during the Boer War, he later took part in the Maritz Rebellion of 1914–1915 against General Louis Botha, the then Prime Minister of South Africa, and was executed by firing squad.

Josef Johannes Fourie
Born(1879-08-27)August 27, 1879
Wildebeesthoek, Pretoria District, South Africa[1]
Died20 December 1914(1914-12-20) (aged 35)
OccupationScout, dispatch rider

Early life

Fourie was educated at Grey College, Bloemfontein. As a schoolboy, he served under Piet Roos during the Jameson Raid. During the Second Boer War, which began in 1899, he was a scout and dispatch rider and was wounded and captured north of Pretoria during that war.[2]

By 1914, Fourie had been commissioned into the Active Citizens Force (ACF) as an officer of the Union Defence Force.[3]

Rebellion

By the beginning of 1914 the high economic expectations of the unification of South Africa had been dashed. Three to four years of drought had devastated farms in parts of the Orange Free State. The government suppression of the 1913 and 1914 strikes on the Witwatersrand alienated Afrikaner workers. This created a fertile ground for rebellion. The trigger for the rebellion was Britain's declaration of war in 1914, which also put South Africa in a state of war. As a result of this, Britain asked the South African cabinet to seize the German colony of South West Africa.[4]

The 1914 Revolt occurred because the men who supported the re-creation of the old Boer republics rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa as they did not want to side with the British against the German Empire. Many Boers had German ancestry and many members of the government were themselves former Boer military leaders who had fought with the rebels against the British in the Second Boer War. The rebellion was put down by Louis Botha and Jan Smuts, the ringleaders received fines and terms of imprisonment.[4]

Without resigning his Union commission, Fourie led a band of rebels which inflicted 40 per cent of the government's casualties.[3] His commando also fired on South African security forces during a brief truce.[5] He and his brother Hannes were captured at Nooitgedacht in the district of Rustenburg on 16 December 1914.[1]

Execution
Grave of Jopie Fourie in the Church Street Cemetery, Pretoria

The only death sentence was that on Jopie Fourie.[1] An Afrikaner delegation that included future prime minister D. F. Malan unsuccessfully petitioned Minister of Defence, Gen. Smuts, to extend leniency. Fourie was executed without a blindfold on 20 December 1914.[6]

Legacy

The execution of Fourie was a divisive event in white politics. To many Afrikaner nationalists, Fourie was a hero and Jan Smuts a traitor. His death caused an outrage in conservative circles, and was a potent factor in the rise of the National Party.[7] Fourie was one of the martyrs and legends produced by the Rebellion which would inspire the Afrikaner right wing afterwards.[8] The Jopie Fourie Primary School in Pretoria is named after him.[9]

References
  1. Wallis 2000.
  2. De Wet 1941.
  3. Murray 2000.
  4. Giliomee 2003, p. 379.
  5. Oakes 1992, p. 302.
  6. Giliomee 2003, p. 383.
  7. Potgieter 1970, p. 24.
  8. Schonteich & Boshoff 2003, p. 14.
  9. Jopie Fourie Primary School, home page, 20 January 2022

Sources
  • De Wet, J. M. (1941). Jopie Fourie: 'n Lewenskets. Voortrekkerpers.
  • Giliomee, Hermann (2003). The Afrikaners: Biography of a People. C. Hurst. ISBN 978-1-85065-714-9.
  • Murray, R (2000). "The doctor and the rebels--the diary of Charles Molteno Murray, recorded during the 1914 Boer rebellion". S Afr Med J. 90 (12): 1195–1198. PMID 11234648.
  • Oakes, Dougie, ed. (1992). Illustrated history of South Africa: the real story. Reader's Digest Association South Africa. ISBN 978-0-947008-90-1.
  • Potgieter, D.J., ed. (1970). Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa. Vol. V. Cape Town: NASOU.
  • Schonteich, Martin; Boshoff, Henri (2003). "'Volk' faith and fatherland. The security threat posed by the White Right". Institute for Security Studies Monographs (81). hdl:10520/EJC48735.
  • Wallis, Frikkie (2000). Nuusdagboek: feite en fratse oor 1000 jaar [News Journal: facts and notes over a 1000 years] (in Afrikaans). Cape Town: Human & Rousseau.
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