Independence of the Chechen Republic

On November 1, 1991, Head of the All-National Congress of the Chechen People, Dzokhar Dudayev issued a Decree of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic.[1] Between 1991 and 2000 Chechnya was de facto an independent state.

Part of a series on the
History of Chechnya
Prehistory
Ancient
Medieval
Early modern
Modern
Mountain Republic 1917–1921
North Caucasian Emirate 1919–1920
Chechen National Okrug 1920–1922
Chechen Autonomous Oblast 1922–1934
Checheno-Ingush Aut. Oblast 1934–1936
Checheno-Ingush ASSR 1936–1944
Grozny Oblast 1944–1957
Checheno-Ingush ASSR 1957–1991
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 1991–2000
Chechen Republic 2000–present

Background

Government building storming

On 7 September 1991, the NCChP National Guard seized government buildings and the radio and television center of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR, an autonomous Soviet republic. The storming caused the death of the Soviet Communist Party chief for Grozny, Vitali Kutsenko, who was either thrown out of a window or fell trying to escape during a supreme soviet session, and effectively dissolved the government of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.[2][3]

Referendum

Prior to the inauguration of the decree was an independence referendum held on October 27, 1991, with a large majority (72%) of the populace voting and a majority approval (over 90% of voters, meaning at least about 64% of the populace approved independence).[4][5] Although there were claims about the election that it was unfair or flawed. John B. Dunlop stated that there probably were some flaws in the election, he cites the observer, anthropologist Arutyunov (who stated that roughly 60-70% of the population of Chechnya supported independence at the time) it could nonetheless "be regarded as an expression of Chechen popular will".[6] Ruslan Khasbulatov claimed that the elections were un-democratic.[7]

References
  1. Galina M. Yemelianova (December 16, 2009). Radical Islam in the Former Soviet Union. Taylor & Francis. p. 63. ISBN 9781135182861. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  2. Matthew Evangelista (May 13, 2004). The Chechen Wars Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union?. Brookings Institution Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780815724971. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  3. Tracey C. German (February 6, 2003). Russia's Chechen War. Taylor & Francis. p. 176. ISBN 9781134432493. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  4. Diane Curran; Fiona Hill; Elena Kostritsyna (1997). The Search for Peace in Chechnya A Sourcebook, 1994-1996. Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Strengthening Democratic Institutions Project. p. Chronology section. Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  5. John B. Dunlop (September 28, 1998). Russia Confronts Chechnya Roots of a Separatist Conflict. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780521636193. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  6. John B. Dunlop (September 28, 1998). Russia Confronts Chechnya Roots of a Separatist Conflict. Cambridge University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9780521636193. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  7. Tony Wood (March 17, 2007). Chechnya The Case for Independence. Verso Books. p. 51. ISBN 9781844671144. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
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