Phukha language
Phukha is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of Vietnam and China.[1]
| Phukha | |
|---|---|
| Phula | |
| Native to | China, Vietnam |
| Ethnicity | 18,000 Phula people (undated – 2009)[1] |
Native speakers | 100,000 (2008–2011)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | phh |
| Glottolog | phuk1235 |
| ELP | Phula |
Phonology
Consonants
Phukha has the following consonants.[2]
| Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | |||||||
| Stops | Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||
| Voiceless | p | t | k | |||||
| Voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
| Affricates | Aspirated | tsʰ | tɬʰ | tʂʰ | tʃʰ | |||
| Voiceless | ts | tɬ | tʂ | tʃ | ||||
| Voiced | dɮ | |||||||
| Fricatives | Voiceless | f | s | ɬ | ʂ | ʃ | χ | |
| Voiced | v | z | ɮ | ʐ | ʒ | ʁ | ||
| Voiced laryngealized | v* | z* | ʒ* | |||||
| Nasals | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Approximants | w | l | j | |||||
Vowels
Phukha has the following vowels.[2]
| front | central | back unrounded | back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | ɯ | u |
| Hi-Mid | e | ə | o | |
| Lo-Mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Tones
Phukha has five tones:[2] high /˥/, mid /˧/, low /˨/, low-rising /˨˦/, and low-falling /˨˩/.
Notes
- Phukha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Pelkey 2005.
References
- Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.
- Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.
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