Hubat

Hubat, also known as Hobat, or Kubat was a historical Muslim state located in present-day eastern Ethiopia.[1][2] Hubat is today within a district known as Adare Qadima which includes Garamuelta and its surroundings in Oromia region.[3] The area is 30 km north west of Harar city at Hubeta, according to historian George Huntingford.[4][5] Archaeologist Timothy Insoll considers Harla town to be Hubat the capital of the now defunct Harla Kingdom.[6]

1832 map by John Arrowsmith illustrating Hubetta's location in the Emirate of Harar

History

In AD 1288 Sultan Wali Asma of the Ifat Sultanate invaded Hubat following collapse of the Maḥzūmī dynasty.[7][8] Hubat was also invaded by Ethiopian Emperor Amda Seyon in the early 1300s.[9] Hubat was an Ifat protectorate in the fourteenth century and an autonomous state within Adal Sultanate in the fifteenth century.[10]

According to Mohammed Hassan Hubat was the stronghold of the Harla people and center of operations for fifteenth century Adal Emir Garad Abun Adashe.[11] A siege of Hubat took place in the early sixteenth century led by the Adal Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad against rebel leader Garad Umar din.[12]

The notable sixteenth century ruler of Adal who conquered Abyssinia, imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was born in Hubat.[13] In Ahmed ibn Ibrahim's early political career he achieved a stunning victory over an Abyssinian raiding party led by Fanuel in Hubat which gained him fame.[14] Merid Wolde Aregay states the Hubat and Harla principalities demonstrated ability to defeat Abyssinians meant it was necessary to replace Sultan Badlay's descendants.[15] Hubat would later play an important role for Ahmad ibn Ibrahim in his struggle against Adal Sultan Abu Bakr.[16]

Hubat would be invaded and settled by the Barento Oromo in the following centuries who came at loggerheads with the Adal Sultanate.[17]

References
  1. Loimeier, Roman. Muslim Societies in Africa A Historical Anthropology. Indiana University Press. p. 184.
  2. Ende, Werner. Islam in the World Today A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society. Cornell University Press. p. 436.
  3. History of Harar (PDF). Harar Tourism Bureau. p. 50.
  4. Huntingford, G.W.B (1955). ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA. Antiquity Publications. p. 233.
  5. Pankhurst, Richard. The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. Red Sea Press. p. 165.
  6. Insoll, Timothy. "Material cosmopolitanism: the entrepot of Harlaa as an Islamic gateway to eastern Ethiopia". Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  7. Trimingham, John. Islam in Ethiopia. Oxford University Press. p. 58.
  8. Cerulli, Enrico. IL SULTANATO DELLO SCIOA NEL SECOLO XIII SECONDO UN NUOVO DOCUMENTO STORICO. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino. p. 26.
  9. Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and state (PDF). University of London. p. 254.
  10. Braukamper, Ulrich. Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Lit. p. 33.
  11. Hassan, Mohammed. Oromo of Ethiopia 1500 (PDF). University of London. p. 26.
  12. Lindah, Bernhard. Local history of Ethiopia (PDF). Nordic Africa Institute library. p. 5.
  13. Steed, Christopher. A history of the church in Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 74.
  14. Davis, Asa. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY JIHĀD IN ETHIOPIA AND THE IMPACT ON ITS CULTURE (Part One). Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. p. 572.
  15. Aregay, Merid. Southern Ethiopia and the Christian kingdom 1508 - 1708, with special reference to the Galla migrations and their consequences. University of London. p. 126-128.
  16. Shinn, David. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 20–21.
  17. Braukamper, Ulrich. A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia:. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 149.

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