List of battles of Rajasthan

Several significant battles are recorded to have taken place in what is now known as Rajasthan.

Battle of Haldighati, fought between Mughals and Maharana Pratap.

Against the Arabs

Against the Ghurids

During the Sultanates of Delhi, Gujarat and Malwa
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1226) - Iltutmish captured the fort in 1226 CE.[5]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1236) - Vagbhata Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore during the reign of the Delhi ruler Razia.[5]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1248) - Vagabhata Chauhan successfully defended the fort against Nasiruddin Mahmud.[5]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1253) - Vagbhata Chauhan repelled another invasion from the Mamluks.[5]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1259) -Nasiruddin Mahmud captured Ranthambore from Jaitra singh Chauhan.
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1283) -Shakti Dev Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore from the Mamluks.
  • Battle of Ranthambore (1290) - Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji attacked Hammir deo or Hamir Dev because of his rising power. Jalaludin's forces were defeated by Hamir.
  • Siege of Jaisalmer (1294-1295) - Alauddin Khalji commanded the Khilji army under Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji and plundered Jaisalmer after a siege that lasted for a year. For some years afterwards Jaisalmer remained abandoned before the surviving Rajputs reoccupied it.[6]
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1301) – Hammiradeva defeated Alauddin Khalji's generals Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan; later, Alauddin defeated Hamira dev.
  • Siege of Chittor (1303) – Alauddin Khalji defeated Rawal Ratan Singh.
  • Siege of Siwana (1308) – Malik Kamaluddin a general of Alauddin Khalji defeated Sheetal deo.
  • Battle of Jalore (1310–11) – Alauddin Khalji defeated Kanhad deo after a long and bloody war it was a pyrrhic victory.[7]
  • Battle of Chittor (1321) - Rana Hammir Singh defeated Maldev Songara, a vassal of the Tughlaq dynasty and recovered Mewar.[8]
  • Battle of Singoli (1336) – Rana Hammir Singh defeated and imprisoned Muhammad bin Tughluq and annexed Ajmer, Ranthambhore, Nagor and Shivapuri.[9][10]
  • Battle of Malani (1378) - Rawal Mallinath Rathore defeated thirteen division of Mohamadan army of Nijjamudin of Malwa and Firoz Shah Tughlaq.[11][12]
  • Battle of Mandore ( 1394 ) - Rawal Mallinath Rathore sent a contingent under his nephew Rao Chunda to annex Mandore. Rao Chunda Defeated Muslim force and annexed Mandore.[13]
  • Battle of Mandore (1396) - Rao Chunda Rathore successfully defended Mandore against a Tughlaq army and captured Sambhar, Didwana, Khatu and Ajmer from them.[14]
  • Battle of Nagaur (1399) - Rao Chunda Rathore defeated Jalal Khan Khokhar of Nagaur and annexed nagaur[15]
  • Battle of Malani (1399) - Kunwar Jagmal Singh Mahecha Rathore Rawal of Malani Defeated Hathi Khan general of Gujarat sultan Mahmud Begada. and married muslim princces Gindoli.[16][17]
  • Battle of mandore ( 1421 ) - Rao Chunda Re-captured Nagaur from Firozkhan.[18]
  • Battle of Sirohi (1434) - Rao Ranmal Rathore and Rana Kumbha defeated Rao Sahasmal Deora and captured Basantgarh, Bhula and areas of Abu.[19]
  • Siege of Mandalgarh (1435-6) - Rao Ranmal Rathore and Rana Kumbha captured Mandalgarh fort from Rao Bairisal Hada.[20]
  • Battle of Sarangpur (1437) - Rao Ranmal Rathore and Rana kumbh defeated and imprisoned Mahmud Khalji.
  • Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas (1442-1446) - A series of battles that took place between Mahmud Khalji of Malwa and Rana Kumbha of Mewar. bloodied by these engagements the Sultan did not attack Mewar for another ten years.[21][22]
  • Siege of Gagron (February 1444) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Gagron which belonged to Palhan Singh Khichi. Rana Kumbha had sent reinforcements under his commander Dahir, but Dahir died in battle and Palhan was killed by bhils while fleeing from the fort.[23]
  • Siege of Mandore (1454) - Rao Jodha Rathore recaptured Mandore from Rana Kumbha.[24]
  • Battle of Abu (1455) - Qutbuddin sent Imadul Mulk to invade Mewar through Abu, but Imadul suffered heavy losses against the Mewari soldiers posted on the hills and was immediately called back.[25]
  • Battle of Nagaur (1456) - Rana Kumbha defeated the combined armies of Shams Khan (sultan of Nagaur) and Qutbuddin (Sultan of Gujarat) and captured Nagaur, Kasili, Khandela and shakambhari.[26]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh (1456) - Sultan Mahmud attacked Mandalgarh, he sent 7 detachments to attack the Rana from multiple directions. The Malwa forces under Taj Khan and Ali Khan suffered heavy losses in battle against Rana Kumbha after which Mahmud retreated the next morning.[27]
  • Siege of Mandalgarh (December 1456-October 1457) - In December Rana Kumbha was forced to move north to confront the sultan of Gujarat, Sultan Mahmud once again attacked Mandalgarh and captured it after a siege.[28]
  • Siege of Kumbhalgarh (1458-9) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Kumbalgarh but finding the fort too strong he retreated back to Mandu.[29]
  • Siege of Chittorgarh (1475)-After the death of Udai Singh I The sultan of Mandu helped surajmal and shahasmal . He started with a large army to assist Surajmal and shashasmal to the throne of mewar and arrived near Chittor. Rana Raimal issued from the fortress and attacked Ghiyath Shah , who, being utterly defeated , fled to mandu. [30]
  • Battle of chappar-dronpur (1474)- Rao Jodha Rathore defeated bahlol khan and hussian shah of jaunpur [31]
  • Siege of Nagaur (1466 ) - Rao Jodha Rathore defeated fatankhan of nagaur. Fatankhan was forced to flee to Jhunjhunu.[32]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh (1467) - Sultan Mahmud invaded Mewar and fought a battle with Rana Kumbha, but retreated after taking heavy losses. This was the last battle fought between the two rivals.[33]
  • Battle of Peepar (1492) - Rao Satal Rathore defeated Gudhla Khan, an Afghan general and rescued 140 maidens that had been captured. Rao Satal himself died that night of the wounds received in the battle.[34]
  • Battle of Bikaner ( 1513 ) - Muhammad Khan of Nagaur invaded Bikaner but was defeated by Lunkaran Rathore.
  • Battle of jaisalmer ( 1513 ) - Lunkaran Rathore defeated Rawal Jaitsi.
  • Battle of Khatoli (1518) – Rana Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.
  • Battle of Dholpur (1519) - Rana Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.
  • Battle of Gagron (1519) – Rana Sanga defeated Mahmud Khalji of Malwa.
  • Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat (1520) - In 1520 A.D. Rana Sanga led a coalition of Rajput armies to invade Gujarat. He reinstated Raimal as the rao of Idar and defeated the Gujarat sultanate forces under the command of Nizam Khan. Rana Sanga drove the army of Muzaffar II deep into Gujarat and chased them up to Ahmedabad.[35] The Sultan of Gujarat was forced to flee to Muhammadabad.[36][37]
  • Siege of Mandsaur (1520) - Sultan Muzaffar Shah II sent an army under Malik Ayaz but failed and retreated to Gujarat.[38]
  • Battle of Bayana (1527) - Babur marched with his army to capture Bayana but the Mughals were defeated by Rana Sanga, and Babur Retreated from the Battlefield.[39]
  • Battle of Khanwa (1527) - Rana Sanga led the Rajput armies against Babur of Ferghana
  • Battle of Sevaki (1529 ) - Rao Ganga and Rao Jaitsi rathore defeated shekha and Daulat Khan of nagaur.
  • Battle of Hirabadi ( 1533 ) - Rao Maldeo defeated Daulat Khan of nagaur. Daulat Khan was forced to flee to Ajmer.
  • Siege of Bikaner ( 1534 ) - Rao Jaitsi Rathore defeated Mughal force under Kamran brother of emperor Humayun.[40]
  • Siege of Jaisalmer (1537) - Rao Maldeo besiegedd Jaisalmer. Rawal Lunkaran sued for peace.

During Sur Empire

During the Mughal Empire
  • Battle of Harmada (1557) - Rao Maldeo Rathore defeated Udai Singh II and captured Merta.[47][48]
  • Battle of Ajmer (1559) - Akbar's general Qasim Khan annexed Ajmer from Maldeo Rathore.[49]
  • Battle of Merta (1562) - Akbar with the help of Rajas from Bikaner and Amer defeated Rao Chandra Sen Rathore and captured Merta.
  • Battle of Lohawat (1562) - Rao Chandra Sen Rathore defeated Udai Singh Rathore.
  • Battle of Nadol (1563) - Rao Chandra Sen Rathore defeated Ramchandra Rathore. Ramchandra fled to Nagaur.
  • First Mughal Invasion of Marwar (1562-1583) - Akbar invaded Marwar and occupied Jodhpur. The ruler Rao Chandra Sen Rathore continued his struggle until his death in 1581 after which Marwar submitted to Mughal rule in 1583.[50]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh (1567)-Akbar advanced by Dholpur route taking the forts of sivapura and Kota , he dispatched a Mughal army under Asaf khan to take surrounding forts. Mandalgarh was the first to be attacked but Asaf khan was repulsed by the faithful commander , Ballu Sinhji , a Solanki Rajput. Later Asaf khan and Wazir khan conquered Mandalgarh by defeating the Solanki contingent of the fort. [51]
  • Siege of Chittorgarh (1567) – Akbar defeated Rao Jaimal Rathore and Patta Sisodiya (Udai Singh II escaped with his family to aravali hills)
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1568) - A successful siege by Akbar causes the Rajput leader Rao Surjan Hada to surrender Ranthambore Fort.
  • Siege of Siwana (1572) - Mughal force under General Udai Singh Rathore Defeated Kalyanmal Sinh Mahecha Rathore and Kalyandas Rathore and annexed Powerful fort of Siwana which served as Rao Chandra Sen Rathore's capital was captured by the Mughals after a siege of 8 months.[52]
  • Battle of Haldighati (1576) – Man Singh I defeated Pratap Singh I.[53][54]
  • Battle of Dewair (1582) - Maharana Pratap fought against Mughal governor of Dewair Sultan Khan and defeated him and 36 Mughal posts were dissolved.[55]
  • Battle of Dattani (1583) - Rao Surtan Deora Chauhan of Sirohi defeated Mughal force.
  • Battle of Dewair (1606) - Fought in a valley 40 km from Kumbalgarh. Rana Amar Singh defeated, the Mughal prince Muhammad Parviz fled from the battlefield with his commander Asaf Khan III.[56][57]
  • Second Mughal Invasion of Marwar (1679-1707) - Aurangzeb took Marwar under his direct control after the death of Maharaja Jaswant Singh. The Rathore army under Veer Durgadas Rathore carried out a relentless struggle against the occupying forces. In 1707 after the death of Aurangzeb, Veer Durgadas defeated the local Mughal force and reoccupied Jodhpur and their lost territories.[58]
  • Battle of Khetasar (1680) - Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Rao indar singh.
  • Battle of Udaipur (1680) - Aurangzeb attacked Mewar and plundered Udaipur, the citizens were safely escorted to Panarwa a hilly region by Rana Raj Singh but 63 temples in and around Udaipur were plundered and many villages were burned down by Aurangzeb's general Taj Khan. The Mughal army was eventually starved because of the scorched earth techniques and guerrilla warfare used by the Rana. Aurangzeb after a failed campaign left Mewar to his son Akbar and retreated to Ajmer.[59]
  • Battle of Aravalli hills (1680) - In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. Niccolao Manucci, an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: "for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom." Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb's sons Akbar, Azam and Muazzam, penetrated the Aravalli hills from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills and the Prince Akbar rebelled against Aurangzeb . Aurangzeb later complied to the demands of Rana Raj Sinh and Mewar was left alone. [60]
  • Battle of Khanana (1681-1687) - Rathore rebels under Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Mughal force. this battle resulted in major victory for Rathores. Kumpawat rathores captured Siwana Town from Mughals. mughal Commander purdil khan was killed in this battle.[61]
  • Battle of Ajmer (1690) - Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Safi khan.
  • Battle of Jodhpur (1707) - Veer Durgadas Rathore took advantage of the disturbances following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to seize Jodhpur and eventually evict the occupying Mughal force out of Marwar.[62]
  • Annexation of Amer (January 1708) - Bahadur Shah I marched with a large army and annexed Amer without a war. Raja Jai Singh was forced to retreat with his army. Amber was named Mominabad by the Mughal emperor.[63]
  • Rajput War (1679–1707) –also known as Rathore Rebellion. A 30 year war between the Rathores and the Mughals. Resulted in Rathore victory.
  • Battle of Merta (February 1708) - Bahadur Shah I's general Mihrab Khan defeated Ajit Singh of Marwar. The Mughal emperor was advised to stay in Ajmer as the Mughals were wary of the guerrilla tactics of Veer Durgadas. Ajit Singh however went against the advice of Durgadas Rathore and directly confronted the large Mughal army. The Mughals bombarded the Rathor horsemen with cannons and rockets and forced them to retreat after heavy losses. Jodhpur was once again occupied by the Mughals.[64]
  • Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 - The three Rajput Raja's of Amber, Udaipur and Jodhpur made a joint resistance to the Mughals. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants of Jodhpur and Bayana and recovered Amer by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha in the battle of Sambhar (1709). Raja Ajit Singh also attacked Ajmer and forced its governor to pay tribute. Sayyid Hidayatullah, the governor of Ranthambore was also defeated, bringing a danger to the Mughal capital itself. Bahadur Shah I, then in the Deccan was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas (1710).[65]
  • Siege of Jodhpur and Jaipur (July 1708) - Jai Singh and Ajit Singh storm Amber and Jodhpur and retake their capitals from the Mughal garrisons.[66]
  • Battle of Sambhar (October 1708) - Sayyid Hussain Barha of Mewat and Churaman Jat defeated near Sambhar by the Rathore-Kachwaha army. Barha shot dead with his two brothers.[66]
  • Battle of Javli (January 1710) - Mir Khan of Narnaul with 7000 Mughal troops and Churaman Jat with 6000 Jats effectively checked by Gaj Singh Naruka at Javli.[66]
  • Battle of Tonk (24 March 1710) - Muhammad Khan of Tonk defeated by the Rathore-Kachwaha army.[66]
  • Battle of Kama (1708) (October 4–7, 1708) - Ajit Singh Kachwaha, the Rajput zamindar of Kama defeated the combined armies of Mughals and Jats. The Mughal-Jat army numbered 18,000 while the Kachwahas had 10,000 horsemen. After a bitter fight the Mughal faujdar Raza Bahadur was killed and the Jat leader Churaman was forced to flee to Thun.[67][68][69]
  • Battle of Bandanwara (1711) - Maharana Sangram Singh - II defeated Mughal force under Mir Bakshi and zulfikar Khan.[70]
  • Jai Singh II's campaign against the Jats (1718-1722) - The Jats under Churaman had been actively looting and plundering in the Agra district due to which the Mughals had to close the roads to Delhi and Agra for the safety of the traders. In 1718 Sawai Jai Singh II was appointed by the Mughal emperor to destroy the Jat stronghold of Thun. Jai Singh surrounded the fort and was about to breach it when the Sayyid brothers, who were rivals of the Jaipur raja, made a separate peace with the Jats on behalf of the emperor. Jai Singh was forced to withdraw in disgust. Two years later Churaman died and his son Mokham Singh succeeded him. Mokhams first step as a ruler was to imprison his cousin Badan Singh. Badan asked for help from Sawai Jai Singh II. Jai Singh readily set upon Thun and captured it after a six-month siege. Mokham was forced to flee and Badan Singh was made the Raja of Deeg on the condition that he pays tribute.[71]

Post-Mughal rule

See also
  • List of Indian battles

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