God Save the Tsar!

"God Save the Tsar!" (Russian: Бо́же, Царя́ храни́!, tr. Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!, IPA: [ˈboʐɨ t͡sɐˈrʲa xrɐˈnʲi]) was the national anthem of the Russian Empire. The song was chosen from a competition held in 1833 and was first performed on 18 December 1833. It was composed by violinist Alexei Lvov, with lyrics written by the court poet Vasily Zhukovsky. It was the anthem until the Russian Revolution of 1917, after which "Worker's Marseillaise" was adopted as the new national anthem until the overthrow of the Russian Provisional Government.

Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
English: God Save the Tsar!
Боже, Царя храни!
The score sheet of "God Save the Tsar!", December 1833.
Former national anthem of Russia
LyricsVasily Zhukovsky
MusicAlexei Lvov
Adopted31 December 1833
Relinquished15 March 1917
Preceded by"The Prayer of Russians"
Succeeded by"Worker's Marseillaise"
Audio sample
"God Save the Tsar!" (Боже, Царя храни!)
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Alexei Lvov accompanied Nicholas I on his visit to Austria and Prussia in 1833, where the emperor was saluted with the "God Save the King" everywhere. The melody of the "God Save the King" has been widely used by various powers at the same time since the end of the 18th century, including Russia. The emperor was unimpressed by the monarchical solidarity song, and upon his return, he ordered Lvov, his closest musician, to compose a new anthem. Under the title "Prayer of the Russian People," the new anthem, which music by Alexei Lvov, and lyrics by Vasily Zhukovsky, was first performed on December 18, 1833 (according to other accounts, December 25). On December 31, 1833, it was adopted as the Imperial Russian National Anthem. Under the new name of "God Save the Tsar!", which lasted until February Revolution of 1917.[1]

Lyrics
Cyrillic script Latin script IPA transcription English translation

Боже, Царя храни!
Сильный, державный,
Царствуй на славу, на славу намъ!

Царствуй на страхъ врагамъ,
Царь православный!
Боже, Царя храни!

Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
Sillnyy, derzhavnyy,
Tsarstvuy na slavu, na slavu nam!

Tsarstvuy na strakh vragam,
Tsar pravoslavnyy!
Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!

ˈboʐɨ, t͡sɐˈrʲæ xrɐˈnʲi
ˈsʲilʲnɨj, dʲɪrˈʐavnɨj,
ˈt͡sarstvʊj nə ˈslavʊ, nə ˈslavʊ nam

ˈt͡sarstvʊj nə ˈstrax vrɐˈgam,
ˈt͡sarʲ prəvɐˈslavnɨj
ˈboʐɨ, t͡sɐˈrʲæ xrɐˈnʲi

God save the Tsar!
Strong and majestic!
Reign for glory, for our glory!

Reign to make enemies fear,
Orthodox Tsar!
God save the Tsar!

Influence

Many composers made use of the theme in their compositions, most notably Tchaikovsky, who quoted it in the 1812 Overture, the Marche Slave, his overture on the Danish national anthem, and the Festival Coronation March. During the Soviet era, authorities altered Tchaikovsky's music (such as the 1812 Overture and Marche Slave), substituting other patriotic melodies, such as the "Glory" chorus from Mikhail Glinka's opera A Life for the Tsar, for "God Save the Tsar".[2] Charles Gounod uses the theme in his Fantaisie sur l'Hymne National Russe (Fantasy on the Russian National Hymn). William Walton's score for the 1970 film Three Sisters, based on Chekhov's play, is dominated by the theme.

In 1842, English author Henry Chorley wrote "God, the Omnipotent!", set to Lvov's tune and published in 19th- and 20th-century hymnals as the Russian Hymn.[3] The Russian Hymn tune continues to appear in various modern English language hymnals, such as those of the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church, the Lutheran Book of Worship of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, or as Russia in The Hymnal 1982 of the U.S. Episcopal Church.[4]

The same melody is also used with different lyrics for various institutional songs: Doxology of Phi Gamma Delta, "Noble Fraternity" of Phi Kappa Psi, West Chester University Alma Mater, Hail, Pennsylvania! (alma mater of the University of Pennsylvania),[5] Dear Old Macalester (alma mater of Macalester College),[6] Hail, Delta Upsilon (Delta Upsilon fraternity), Firm Bound in Brotherhood (official song of the Order of the Arrow),[7] the UST High School Hymn of the University of Santo Tomas High School in Manila,[8] and the alma mater of Texas Woman's University, Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas in Dallas, Texas, Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut titled "Raise Now to Westover", Tabor Academy in Marion, Massachusetts, Dimmitt High School in Dimmitt, Texas, Grant High School in Portland, Oregon, Jesuit High School in Tampa, Florida and Windber Area High School in Windber, Pennsylvania.

Maurice Jarre's score for the film 1965 film Doctor Zhivago uses this song in several tracks, most notably in the Overture.

In 1998, singer-songwriter Alexander Gradsky, one of the best-known rock artists during the Soviet period, proposed using the song again as the Russian national anthem, but with substantially different lyrics from those originally written by Zhukovsky.[9]

See also

References
  1. Грачёва О. А. Две судьбы. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 2009. — № 4. — С.35.
  2. "Aftershocks of 1812: Nationalism and Censorship in Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture". 13 May 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  3. The Hymnal 1982. New York: Episcopal Church Publishing. 1985. p. 569.
  4. The Methodist Hymnal. Nashville, Tennessee: The Methodist Publishing House. 1966. p. 544.
  5. Hail Pennsylvania - Acapella Performance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axioaLyZP9o
  6. Dear Old Macalester - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13-e2iEcbs
  7. Piano Performance of Firm Bound in Brotherhood - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHae1qWj5RI
  8. UST Hymn - Instrumental Guitar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-ElH_t7ILg
  9. Alexander Gradsky Official Website - https://alexandergradsky.com/publication/s00_24.shtml
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