Giganthorhynchidae

Gigantorhynchida is an order containing a single family, Gigantorhynchidae[1] of parasitic worms that attach themselves to the intestinal wall of terrestrial vertebrates. Gigantorhynchida contains the following three genera:[2]

The genus Gigantorhynchus is characterized by the presence of a cylindrical proboscis with a crown of robust hooks at the apex followed by numerous small hooks on the rest of the proboscis.[3][4] The body, or trunk, is long with pseudosegmentation, the lemnisci are filiform, and the testes are ellipsoid.[3] Species of Gigantorhynchus are distinguished based on the number and size of hooks on the crown of the proboscis, the type of pseudosegmentation, and size of the ellipsoid eggs.[3] Males of all species possess eight cement glands which are used to temporarily close the posterior end of the female after copulation.[5] There is pronounced sexual dimorphism with the female often two or more times longer than the male.[3]

Giganthorhynchidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Archiacanthocephala
Order: Gigantorhynchida
Southwell and Macfie, 1925
Family: Giganthorhynchidae
Hamann, 1892

Taxonomy
Archiacanthocephala
Archiacanthocephala
Oligacanthorhynchidae
 

Macracanthorhynchus ingens

 
 

Oncicola venezuelensis

 
 

Oligacanthorhynchus tortuosa

 
 

Nephridiacanthus major

 
 
 
Moniliformidae

Moniliformis moniliformis

 
Gigantorhynchida
 

Mediorhynchus sp.

 
 

Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus

 
 
 
 
Phylogenetic reconstruction for select species in the class Archiacanthocephala[3][7]

Notes

    References
    1. Encyclopedia of Life www.eol.org
    2. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=64352
    3. Nascimento Gomes, Ana Paula; Cesário, Clarice Silva; Olifiers, Natalie; de Cassia Bianchi, Rita; Maldonado, Arnaldo; Vilela, Roberto do Val (December 2019). "New morphological and genetic data of Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing, 1851) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) in the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae)". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 10: 281–288. doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.008. PMC 6906829. PMID 31867208.
    4. Bhattacharya, S. B. (2007). Handbook on Indian Acanthocephala (PDF). Kolkata, Kinda: Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. pp. 14–15.
    5. Bush, Albert O.; Fernández, Jacqueline C.; Esch, Gerald W.; Seed, J. Richard (2001). Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal parasites. Cambridge, UK New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-521-66278-8. OCLC 44131774.
    6. https://meridian.allenpress.com/journal-of-parasitology/article-abstract/107/2/222/462675/A-Review-of-the-Parasite-Fauna-of-the-Black
    7. Amin, O.M.; Sharifdini, M.; Heckmann, R.A.; Zarean, M. (2020). "New perspectives on Nephridiacanthus major (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) collected from hedgehogs in Iran". Journal of Helminthology. 94: e133. doi:10.1017/S0022149X20000073. PMID 32114988. S2CID 211725160.


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