Galician alphabet
The Galician alphabet is used for writing the Galician language. According to the modern and official standard, it has 23 letters and 6 digraphs, besides some letters (⟨j⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨w⟩, and ⟨y⟩) used in foreign words, abbreviations and international symbols.
As in Portuguese, all letters are masculine in Galician.[1]
| Letter | Name | Pronunciation | Phonemic values |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | a | /ˈa/ | /a/ |
| B | be | /ˈbe/ | /b/ |
| C | ce | /ˈθe/ | /θ/ (+ e e i; /s/ in seseo zones); /k/ (+ a, o e u) |
| D | de | /ˈde/ | /d/ |
| E | e | /ˈɛ/ | /e/, /ɛ/ |
| F | efe | /ˈɛfe̝/ | /f/ |
| G | gue | /ˈɡe/ | /ɡ/ (/x/ in gheada zones) |
| H | hache | /ˈat͡ʃe̝/ | silent |
| I | i | /ˈi/ | /i/, /j/ |
| L | ele | /ˈɛle̝/ | /l/ |
| M | eme | /ˈɛme̝/ | /m/ |
| N | ene | /ˈɛne̝/ | /n/ |
| Ñ | eñe | /ˈɛɲe̝/ | /ɲ/ |
| O | o | /ˈɔ/ | /o/, /ɔ/ |
| P | pe | /ˈpe/ | /p/ |
| Q | que | /ˈke/ | /k/ |
| R | erre | /ˈɛre̝/ | /r/, /ɾ/ |
| S | ese | /ˈɛse̝/ | /s/ |
| T | te | /ˈte/ | /t/ |
| U | u | /ˈu/ | /u/, /w/ |
| V | uve | /ˈuβe̝/ | /b/ |
| X | xe | /ˈʃe/ | /ʃ/, /ks/ |
| Z | zeta | /ˈθeta̝/ | /θ/ (/s/ in seseo zones) |
| Digraph | Name | Phonemic values |
|---|---|---|
| ch | ce hache | /tʃ/ |
| gu | gue u | /g/ |
| ll | ele dobre | /ʎ/ |
| nh | ene hache | /ŋ/ |
| qu | que u | /k/ |
| rr | erre dobre | /r/ |
In Medieval Galician, there were also the letters: ⟨j⟩ /ʃ/, ⟨g⟩ (/ʃ/ preceding e and i), ⟨ç⟩ (/θ/; /s/ in areas with sigmatism), and the digraphs ⟨lh⟩ /ʎ/, ⟨nh⟩ /ɲ/ and ⟨ss⟩. This alphabet is used in the reintegrationism.
References
- "Dicionario de pronuncia da lingua galega". Pronunciation Dictionary by the Royal Galician Academy. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
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