Ethereum scaling solutions

Ethereum scaling solutions, more commonly known under a collective term of "Layer 2", are solutions designed to help scale Ethereum-based applications by handling transactions off the Ethereum Mainnet (Layer 1) while taking advantage of the robust decentralized security model of Mainnet.[1][2][3]

State of the Ethereum blockchain

With global increase in blockchain adoption, the Ethereum network has surpassed 1+ million transactions per day - increased activity has risen the gas prices, needed to process these transactions. Layer 2 solutions are created with the intent of expanding the network and lowering the transaction processing costs.

Scaling approaches

To solve the mentioned issues, multiple engineering teams have devised their own approaches to scaling Ethereum blockchain.

The most notable are mentioned here:

Scaling solutions

According to the independent website L2Beat,[9] there are 20 visible participants in the Ethereum Layer 2 ecosystem. The most commonly used scaling approaches are optimistic roll-ups and zero-knowledge proofs (or "ZK-proofs"): 75% of current teams use one of the two approaches as the basis for their own solutions.

Optimistic roll-ups
Optimistic roll-ups
ProjectURL
Arbitrumhttps://arbitrum.io/
BOBA Networkhttps://boba.network/
Fuel v1https://fuel.sh/
Layer2.Finance Networkhttps://layer2.finance/
Metis Andromedahttps://www.metis.io/
Optimism (Ethereum)https://optimism.io/

ZK proofs
ZK rollups
ProjectURL
Aztechttps://aztec.network/
dYdXhttps://dydx.exchange/
Loopringhttps://loopring.org/
Polygon Hermezhttps://hermez.io/
Starknethttps://starknet.io/
ZKSpacehttps://zks.org/
ZKSwap 1.0https://zks.org/
ZKSwap 2.0https://zks.org/
zkSynchttps://zksync.io/

References
  1. "Layer 2 Rollups". Ethereum Developer Documentation. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  2. https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/layer-2-blockchain
  3. https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/layer-2
  4. "Layer 2 Rollups". Ethereum Developer Documentation. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  5. "State channels". Ethereum Developer Documentation. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  6. "Sidechains". Ethereum Developer Documentation. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  7. "Plasma chains". Ethereum Developer Documentation. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  8. "Validium". Ethereum Developer Documentation. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  9. L2Beat.com
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