Conductive charging

Conductive charging using contacts instead of wires, sometimes called conductive wireless charging, is conductive power transfer that replaces the conductive wires between the charger and the charged device with conductive contacts. Charging infrastructure in the form of a board or rail delivers the power to a charging device equipped with an appropriate receiver, or pickup. When the infrastructure recognizes a valid receiver it powers on, and power is transferred.

For charging without conductor contacts, see inductive charging.
Electric bus equipped with an Alstom SRS receiver which charges the bus battery when it drives or parks over a conductive segment.

Phones and other electronic devices
A charging cradle with contacts that connect to the device being charged.

Conductive power transfer uses electrical contacts to connect a power supply to a portable device in order to transfer energy. The need for a conductor-to-conductor connection between the power supply and the device is the main difference from inductive or capacitive wireless charging. The conductive power supply, often a charging base or pad, detects when a compatible receiver or pickup is placed on it. Contact-based accessories may include changeable backs for cellular phones, special sleeves, or attachable clips. The charging bases are designed to identify a compatible receiver and only power up when it's detected to avoid risk of electrocution.[1] Open Dots is a specification for such charging pads and receivers using contacts instead of wires.[2][3]

Electric vehicles
Electric truck driving on a public road with Elways ground-level power supply, near Arlanda airport, 2019.
Main article: Ground-level power supply

Sweden has tested electric road systems that charge the batteries of private electric vehicles, and among the tested systems are two ground-level power supply systems that began testing in 2017.[4][5] The in-road rail system is planned to deliver up to 800 kW per vehicle traveling over a powered segment of the rail, and the system is estimated to be the most cost-effective among the four tested systems. The new systems are expected to be safe, with segments of the rail being powered only when a vehicle is traveling over them. The rails have been tested while submerged in salt water and were found to be safe for pedestrians.[6]

The European Commission published in 2021 a request for regulation and standardization of electric road systems.[7] Alstom and other companies have, in 2020, begun drafting a standard for ground-level power supply electric roads.[8][9] The standard is scheduled to be approved and published by November 14, 2022.[10]

Companies

Honda studies charge-on-the-move for conduction between vehicle rollers and road power, with 100 kW of power (DC 375 V, 300 A) at a vehicle speed of 70 km/h, and possibly higher.[11]

ABB announced in 2021 that it is involved in the construction of the first permanent electric road that powers private vehicles and commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses, using ground-level power supply technology.[12][13]

See also

References
  1. Boehret, Katherine (16 February 2011). "It's hard to cut the charging cord". The Wall Street Journal.
  2. Paul O'shea (August 28, 2016), "Open Dots could be the next cord-free charging technique for portables", Power Electronics News
  3. Antuan Goodwin (May 1, 2014), "JVIS, d-Wired resurrect conductive wireless charging in the car", CNET
  4. D Bateman; et al. (October 8, 2018), Electric Road Systems: a solution for the future (PDF), TRL, pp. 146–149, archived from the original (PDF) on August 3, 2020, retrieved March 2, 2022
  5. Analysera förutsättningar och planera för en utbyggnad av elvägar, Swedish Transport Administration, February 2, 2021, pp. 21–23, 25–26, 54
  6. Daniel Boffey (April 12, 2018), "World's first electrified road for charging vehicles opens in Sweden", The Guardian
  7. European Commission (July 14, 2021), Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
  8. PIARC (February 17, 2021), Electric Road Systems - PIARC Online Discussion, 34 minutes 34 seconds, archived from the original on 2021-12-22
  9. Martin G. H. Gustavsson, ed. (March 26, 2021), "Key Messages on Electric Roads - Executive Summary from the CollERS Project" (PDF), CollERS, p. 6, retrieved February 11, 2022
  10. "PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation", The British Standards Institution, 2022, archived from the original on April 23, 2022, retrieved April 23, 2022
  11. Tajima, T., Tanaka, H., Fukuda, T., Nakasato, Y. et al., 2017 (2017-03-28). "Study of High Power Dynamic Charging System". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-1245. doi:10.4271/2017-01-1245. Retrieved 18 May 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ABB Norge (August 11, 2011), Vi er med på bygging av første permanente el-vei for #tungtrafikk, i Sverige: E20 mellom Hallsberg og Örebro, 21 km, klar i 2025Delivery truckHigh voltage sign. Elektriske skinner mater lastebiler med strøm via glideskinner, Twitter
  13. ABB (July 13, 2021), Industriföretag och startups skapar innovativt konsortium för att minska koldioxidutsläpp via elvägar
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