Second screen

A second screen involves the use of a computing device (commonly a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet) to provide an enhanced viewing experience for content on another device, such as a television. In particular, the term commonly refers to the use of such devices to provide interactive features during broadcast content, such as a television program, especially social media postings on social networking platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter. This type of technology is designed to keep an audience engaged in whatever they are involved in.[1] The use of a second screen supports social television and generates an online conversation around the specific content.[2][3]

For the use of multiple computer screens, see Multi-monitor.

Analysis

Several studies[4][5] show a clear tendency of the user to use a device while watching television. They also show a greater frequency of tablet and smartphone usage when watching television. Other studies distinguish a higher percentage of comments or posts on social networks about the content that is being watched (Nielsen ratings).[6][7][8] Other studies show new user behaviors when consuming content via multiple devices.[9][10] Hayat & Samuel-Azran (2017) have demonstrated the interplay between using devices while watching television and online political discourse.

Besides the benefits of keeping the audience engaged in multiple ways (polling, chatting, background information about content and participants etc.) and generating revenue via advertising, a second screen can be an effective metering solution to get information about the audience. Being more far-reaching and inexpensive, a second screen may replace people meters in the future.[11]

One trend hampering the growth of second screens is that many shows are creating their own application for the second screen. It is impractical to expect users to download multiple applications and switch between them for each channel or show.[12]

Conference and business meeting organizers are now incorporating second screens to deepen audience engagement.[13] According to "2014 Trend Tracker",[14] the second screen phenomenon is a significant and growing trend. "Attendees are so glued to their devices, even while watching a live presentation (or at home, on television) that marketers are supplying them with a simultaneous engagement tool they can access on that device," says Robin Stanley, VP-design and creative at GES. Software tools allow conference session presenters to share slides and presentations in real-time, so attendees can follow-on with their device in-hand." Second screen technology at conferences transforms the attendees' personal devices into an integral part of the event experience, and turns conference attendees from passive listeners into active followers who engage with the speaker and other participants.

Applications

Many applications designed for the second screen give another form of interactivity to the user and another way to sell advertising content.[15] Second screening may also involve applications not formally connected to the primary entertainment.[16] Some examples include:

  • Transmission of the Master's Golf Tournament, application for the iPhone (rating information and publicity)[17]
  • TV programs broadcast live tweets and comments[18][19]
  • Synchronization of audio-visual content via web advertising[20]
  • Applications that extend the content information[21][22]
  • Shows that add on their websites, content devoted exclusively to the second screen[23]
  • Applications that synchronize the content being viewed to the portable device[24]
  • Video game console playing with extra data, such as a map or strategy data, that synchronize with the content being viewed on the portable device[25][26][27][28][29]
  • Watching one Premier League game on live television and watching another game that has an impact on the first one, on your mobile device
  • TV discovery application with recommendations, electronic programming guides (live content), and personalization
  • Applications that display polling results and audience triggered animated emoticons (along with the sender's name and location) in real time on the broadcast instead of the user's second screen
  • Political and social commentary, such as that by Donald Trump[30]
  • Voting functionality for audiences at home via the broadcaster app like the Rising Star show, powered by Screen technology

Sports broadcasting

Sports broadcasters, to stem the flight of the TV audience away from watching the main screen (new name for the television) to the second screen, are offering alternative content to the main program. The idea is to present content related to the main program, like unseen moments, alternative information, soundtracks, and characters. Proposed new technologies allow the viewer to see different camera angles while watching the game.[31][32]

TV2 (Denmark), Denmark's largest commercial TV channel, synchronized its Second Screen service to live events of the Giro d'Italia 2012 bicycling from May 5 to May 27, 2012, whereby viewers on all internet devices could get rider stats, biographies, news, stage reviews, city information, weather updates, etc. Viewers scanned a QR code on the TV broadcast to get connected, or typed in a short URL.[33]

In the US, HDNet Fights utilizes a second screen service to synchronize to live MMA broadcasts, where viewers on smartphones and tablets can get stats, vote on fights and rounds, chat, win prizes, and see how fellow second screen users voted to win fights.[34]

Digital sports fan engagement

Digital technology has widened sports fan engagement via second screen devices. Sports fan attention spans have changed over the last few years and are increasingly starting to multitask on handheld devices (mobiles, tablets, laptops, etc.) when watching matches in stadiums or live on TV. The recent surge in smartphone penetration has opened the door to this dramatic shift in behavior. Social networks, sports clubs and sponsors are now more focused on second screens to engage fans deeply during games and events to stay connected and increase the fan loyalty. Using second screen engagement and combining viewing experiences with social interaction tools and techniques emphasize involvement instead of passive consumption. Sports fans' emotions and feelings are now captured through second screening for the betterment of entertainment.[35]

Second screen engagement goes further than basic voting techniques and further still than connected TV technology, because the focus is not the technology itself but about people and psychology.[36]

Examples
Primary Screen Second Screen
Ares Interactive Media iOS, Android, Windows, Mac, Linux
Dreamcast VMU
Select Dish Network Receivers iOS and Android devices using Dish Anywhere Mobile App
Select Disney Blu-ray discs and DVDs iPad and devices running Adobe Flash using Disney Second Screen
GameCube Game Boy Advance using Nintendo GameCube – Game Boy Advance link cable
PlayStation 3 PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita using Remote Play
PlayStation 4PlayStation Vita using Remote Play; iOS and Android devices using the PlayStation App[37]
Wii Nintendo DS
Wii U Wii U GamePad and Nintendo 3DS
Xbox 360 Windows 8, Windows Phone, iOS, and Android devices using Xbox SmartGlass
Xbox OneWindows 8, Windows Phone, iOS, and Android devices using Xbox SmartGlass[38] Windows 10 PCs using an Xbox App[39]

See also

References
  1. "Encourage Participation With Second Screen Technology". educationalmeasures.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  2. Mukherjee, P. and Jansen, B. J. (2015) Correlation of Brand Mentions in Social Media and Web Searching Before and After Real Life Events: Phase Analysis of Social Media and Search Data for Super Bowl 2015 Commercials. International Workshop on Event Analytics Using Social Media Data, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM2015) Atlantic City, New Jersey. 14-17 Nov
  3. "Tata Consultancy Services | Technology, Digital Solutions, Consulting". Archived from the original on 2015-09-07. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
  4. Mukherjee, P., Wong, J.S., and Jansen, B. J. (2014) Patterns of Social Media Conversations Using Second Screens. The Sixth ASE International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom 2014). Stanford, CA. 27–31 May
  5. Giglietto, F. and Selva, D. (2013) Second Screen and Participation: A Content Analysis of a Full Season Dataset of Tweets, Social Science Research Network, p. 1-24.
  6. "Newswire - In the U.S., Tablets are TV Buddies while eReaders Make Great Bedfellows - Nielsen". nielsen.com. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  7. "Living With Digital: Consumer Insights into Entertainment Consumption" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 25, 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  8. "What Do TV-Social Media Multitaskers Talk About?". emarketer.com. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  9. Hayat, T; Samuel-Azran, T (2017). ""You too, Second Screeners?" Second Screeners' Echo Chambers During the 2016 US Elections Primaries". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 61 (2): 291–308. doi:10.1080/08838151.2017.1309417. S2CID 148973729.
  10. servicesmobiles (2012-08-31). "The New Multiscreen World By Google". slideshare.net. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  11. "Nielsen Families Become 'Framilies,' Ratings Giant Begins Registering Mobile Devices in TV Households".
  12. "5 Things Keeping Second Screen Apps from the Masses - Double Encore". 2013-04-16.
  13. "White Papers". NiceMeeting. Archived from the original on 2017-12-13. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
  14. http://www.ges.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/ges-2014-trend-tracker.pdf
  15. "Double The Glow: Will Second Screen Apps Change the Way We Watch TV?". GOOD Magazine. 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  16. Yahr, Emily (2018-01-04). "Do you fall down a Wikipedia rabbit hole after each episode of 'The Crown'? You're not alone". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  17. Augusta National, Inc. (30 March 2009). "The Masters Tournament". App Store. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  18. Ediciones El País (2011-03-13). "Twitterrevolución". EL PAÍS. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  19. "Tweeting for TV | Twitter Developers". Archived from the original on 2011-12-02. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
  20. "Maximizing TV Advertising ROI". secondscreen.com. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  21. Umami for iPad - Your TV Companion. Vimeo. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  22. Fremantlemedia Ltd (19 August 2011). "The X Factor UK". App Store. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  23. "2011 MTV Video Music Awards - Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2011 MTV VMAs". mtv.com. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  24. "The Miso Sync Experiment" (PDF). Dropbox. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
  25. http://news.cnet.com/8301-33692_3-57446945-305/e3-2012-year-of-the-second-screen-with-xbox-smart-glass-and-wii-u/ E3 2012: Year of the second screen with Xbox Smart Glass and Wii U
  26. https://techcrunch.com/2012/06/04/microsoft-introduces-second-screen-feature-xbox-smartglass/ Microsoft Introduces Second-Screen Feature, Xbox SmartGlass
  27. Sean Buckley. "Sony announces PlayStation app for iOS and Android, will expand games to the second screen". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  28. "Sony Announces PlayStation 4, Second-Screen Experience PlayStation App for iOS". macrumors.com. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  29. "Xbox SmartGlass official as second-screen feature". SlashGear. 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  30. "Donald Trump After Hours".
  31. Alternative angles in Sports broadcast Archived 2012-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
  32. "Second screen is future of interactive coverage". TVBEurope. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  33. "Giro 2.0 – second screen experiences". eventbasedinnovation.org. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  34. "Mobovivo Launches Social TV Platform to Utilize Second Screen". techvibes.com. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  35. "Winning the Second-Screen Competition: Digital Sports Fan Engagement". SportTechie. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  36. "Sports Fans and the Second Screen". Think with Google. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  37. Buckley, Sean. "Sony announces PlayStation app for iOS and Android, will expand games to the second screen". Engadet. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  38. Lawler, Richard. "Xbox One SmartGlass brings more control, content to companion devices". Engadet. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  39. Orland, Kyle (January 21, 2015). "Windows 10 includes in-home game streaming from Xbox One". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 22, 2015.

Sources

Further reading
  • Revolutionizing your Television Experience with the Second Screen
    • Decrypting the Second Screen Market: a second screen white paper
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