Sonora (snake)
Sonora is a small genus of small harmless colubrid snakes commonly referred to as ground snakes, which are endemic to North America.
| Sonora | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Western ground snake (Sonora semiannulata) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Colubrinae |
| Genus: | Sonora Baird & Girard, 1853 |
| Type species | |
| Sonora semiannulata | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Chilomeniscus, Chionactis, Contia, Homalocranium, Homalosoma, Lamprosoma, Ogmius, Scolecophis | |
Geographic range
They range through central and northern Mexico, and the Southwestern United States.
Habitat
They are sand dwellers.[2]
Species
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sonora aemula (Cope, 1879) | filetail ground snake | ||
 | Sonora annulata (Baird, 1859) | Colorado Desert shovelnose snake | SE California, Arizona, Baja California |
| Sonora cincta Cope, 1861 | Arizona ground snake, banded burrowing snake, horse snake, red and black ground snake, Sonora ringed snake[1] | USA (S Arizona), Mexico (N Baja California Sur, W Sonora) | |
| Sonora episcopa Kennicott, 1859 | ground snake | USA (Missouri, N Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, SE Colorado, S/E New Mexico), Mexico (Coahuila) | |
| Sonora fasciata Cope, 1892 | variable sand snake, banded sand snake | Mexico (Baja California) | |
| Sonora michoacanensis (Dugès, 1884) | Michoacán ground snake | Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan; Morelos, Puebla) | |
| Sonora mosaueri Stickel, 1938 | Mosauer's ground snake | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | |
| Sonora mutabilis Stickel, 1943 | Michoacán ground snake | Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Aguascalientes, southern Zacatecas, S Sinaloa) | |
 | Sonora occipitalis (Hallowell, 1854) | western shovelnose snake | USA (SE California, S Nevada, SW Arizona), Mexico (Baja California Norte) |
| Sonora palarostris (Klauber, 1937) | Sonoran shovelnose snake | USA (S Arizona), Mexico (Sonora) | |
| Sonora savagei Cliff, 1954 | Savage's sand snake[3] | Mexico (Baja California) | |
| Sonora semiannulata Baird & Girard, 1853 | western ground snake | USA (W Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, S Colorado, S Kansas, SW Missouri, SE Utah, California, Arkansas), Mexico (N Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, NW Nuevo León, NE Durango) |
| Sonora straminea Cope, 1860 | variable sand snake, banded sand snake | Mexico (S Baja California Sur, Sinaloa) | |
| Sonora taylori (Boulenger, 1894) | Taylor's ground snake[3] | S Texas, adjacent Mexico | |
References
- Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). ("Genus Chilomeniscus", pp. 116–120; "Genus Sonora", pp. 669–692).
- Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Subfamily Colubrinae, Genus Sonora, p. 324).
- Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Chilomeniscus savagei, p. 233; Sonora taylori, p. 262).
External links
- Genus Sonora at The Reptile Database
Further reading
- Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Sonora, new genus, p. 117).
- Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Genus Sonora, p. 213).
- Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Genus Sonora, p. 197).
- Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Genus Sonora, p. 166).
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