Bone state

Bone (also Boni, or Bone Saoraja) was a sultanate in the south-west peninsula of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), now part of modern-day Indonesia. Covering an area of 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi), Bone's chief town Boni, lay 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of the city of Makassar, home to the Bugis people.

Palace of the Sultan of Bone, c. 1900-1920

Sultanate of Bone Akkarungeng ri Bone  (Buginese)
14th century–1945
Flag
Status	Part of Indonesia
Capital	Watampone
Common languages	Bugis
Religion	Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
Sultan
• 1300s	Manurunge ri Matajang
• 1358-1424	Petta Panre Bessie
• 1672-1696	La Tenritatta to Unru'
• 1931-1946, 1951-1964	Andi Mappanyukki
History
• Established	14th century
• Dissolution of Sultanate	1945
Succeeded by Dutch East Indies Republic of Indonesia
Today part of	Indonesia (as Bone Regency)

Part of a series on the
History of Indonesia
Timeline
Prehistory Java Man 1,000,000 BP Flores Man 94,000–12,000 BP Toba catastrophe 75,000 BP Buni culture 400 BCE
Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms Salakanagara Kingdom 130–362 Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Tarumanagara Kingdom 358–669 Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu Kingdom 600s Srivijaya Empire 600s–1200s Sailendra Empire 600s–900s Galuh Kingdom 669–1482 Sunda Kingdom 669–1579 Mataram Kingdom 716–1016 Bali Kingdom 914–1908 Kahuripan Kingdom 1006–1045 Kediri Kingdom 1045–1221 Dharmasraya Kingdom 1183–1347 Pannai Kingdom 1000s–1300s Singhasari Empire 1222–1292 Majapahit Empire 1293–1500
Islamic Sultanates Spread of Islam 800–1600 Peureulak Sultanate 840–1292 Aru Kingdom 1225–1613 Ternate Sultanate 1257–1914 Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1267–1521 Pagaruyung Kingdom 1347–1833 Brunei Sultanate 1368–1888 Malacca Sultanate 1400–1511 Sulu Sultanate 1405–1851 Cirebon Sultanate 1445–1677 Demak Sultanate 1475–1554 Aceh Sultanate 1496–1903 Sultanate of Ternate 1486–1914 Sultanate of Bacan 1515–1946 Sultanate of Tidore 1500s–1967 Sultanate of Jailolo 1496–1903 Banten Sultanate 1526–1813 Banjar Sultanate 1526–1863 Kalinyamat Sultanate 1527–1599 Mataram Sultanate 1500s–1700s Johor Sultanate 1528s–1877 Kingdom of Kaimana 1600s–1926 Palembang Sultanate 1659–1823 Siak Sultanate 1725–1946 Surakarta Sunanate 1745–1946 Yogyakarta Sultanate 1755–1945 Deli Sultanate 1814–1946 Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1824–1911
Christian Kingdoms Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom 1320-1950 Manado Kingdom 1399–1670 Siau Kingdom 1510–1956 Larantuka Kingdom 1515–1904 Tagulandang Kingdom 1570–1942
Chinese Kongsi federations Heshun Confederation 1776–1854 Lanfang Republic 1777–1884 Santiaogou Republic 1777–1853
European Colonization Portuguese 1512–1850 Dutch East India Company 1602–1800 French and British interregnum 1806–1816 Dutch East Indies 1800–1942 1945–1950
Emergence of Indonesia National Awakening 1908–1942 Japanese occupation 1942–1945 National Revolution 1945–1949 United States of Indonesia 1949–1950
Republic of Indonesia Liberal democracy 1950–1957 Guided Democracy 1957–1966 Transition 1966–1967 New Order 1967–1998 Reform era 1998–present
By topic Archaeology Currency Economy Military
Indonesia portal

Bone was an adat-based Bugis kingdom whose origins can be traced back to the early 15th century. Its chronicle (as yet unpublished) provides detailed information on its rulers, starting from La Umasa, who ruled in the early 15th century, through to La Tenrtatta, who died in 1699. Under La Umasa and his nephew La Saliu (Kerrépelua) who succeeded him, Bone expanded from a handful of settlements around the modern capital Watampone to a small kingdom roughly one-third the size of kabupaten Bone. In the early 16th century the kingdom expanded northwards, fighting with Luwu for control of the mouth of the River Cenrana a major east coast trade exit. In 1582 Bone entered an alliance with the Wajo and Soppeng kingdoms for mutual defence against the rising power of Gowa-Tallo. This alliance became known as Tellumpocco'e (lit. the Three Summits) or LaMumpatue Ri Timurung (lit. The burying of the stones at Timurung).[1]

Geopolitical map of kingdoms in South Sulawesi in 16th century

In 1605, during the reign of the tenth king of Bone We Tenrituppu MatinroE ri Sidenreng, Islam entered Bone and caused a change in local culture, including a renaming of various aspects of the regal system.[2] Bone State later enjoyed a period of prosperity in the middle of the 17th century.[1]

Bone became the most powerful state of South Sulawesi under Arung (ruler of) Palakka, La Tenritatta (1634 or 1635 – 1696) who sided with the Dutch admiral Cornelis Speelman against the Makasar kingdom of Goa-Tallo, which led to the defeat and capture of Makassar in 1669. From this year until 1814 when the British temporarily gained power of the region, Bone was by treaty and in practice the overlord of South Sulawesi, with the exception of Dutch-controlled areas on the west and south coast, including the important port-city of Makassar. When the Dutch returned to Makassar in 1816 the Dutch attempted to reduce Bone's status from equal to vassal, a move strongly resisted by Bone's rulers.

In May 1950, the people held demonstrations in Watampone against the royalty and Bone's membership in the State of East Indonesia. This caused the sultan to join Indonesia.[2]