Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata

Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata (Bengali: ভারত ভাগ্য বিধাতা; lit. "Dispenser of the destiny of India") is a five-stanza Brahmo hymn in Bengali language[1] dedicated to Supreme divine God who is the dispenser of the destiny of India. It was composed and scored in Bengali by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. The first stanza of the song has been adopted as the National Anthem of India.[2][3][4]

This article is about the original hymn composed by Rabindranath Tagore. For the national anthem of India, see Jana Gana Mana.

History of Jana Gana Mana

The poem was first sung on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta on 27 December 1911. Song was performed by Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Tagore's niece, along with a group of school students, in front of prominent Congress Members like Bishan Narayan Dhar, Indian National Congress President and Ambika Charan Majumdar.

In 1912, the song was published under the title Bharat Bhagya Bidhata in the Tatwabodhini Patrika, which was the official publication of the Brahmo Samaj and of which Tagore was the Editor.

Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the bard himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh on February 28, 1919. The song enthralled the college authorities and they adopted the English version of the song as their prayer song which is sung till today. Margaret Cousins (an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins, then vice-principal of the college) set down the notation to the national anthem in the college, which is followed only when the song is sung in the original slow rendition style. At Dr. Cousins' request, Tagore made the first English translation of the song.

On the occasion of India attaining freedom, the Indian Constituent Assembly assembled for the first time as a sovereign body on 14 August 1947, midnight and the session closed with a unanimous performance of Jana Gana Mana.

The members of the Indian Delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations held at New York in 1947 gave a recording of Jana Gana Mana as the country's national anthem. The song was played by the house orchestra in front of a gathering consisting of representatives from all over the world.

Jana Gana Mana was officially proclaimed as India's National Anthem by the Constituent Assembly of India on January 24, 1950.[5]

Lyrics of all 5 stanzas

The English translation below has been adapted from an unverifiable source.[6] Some changes have been made to both the translation and romanization.

Bengali (বাংলা) Bengali transliteration Romanisation of Bengali (ISO 15919) English translation

জনগণমন-অধিনায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!
পাঞ্জাব সিন্ধু গুজরাট মরাঠা দ্রাবিড় উৎকল বঙ্গ
বিন্ধ্য হিমাচল যমুনা গঙ্গা উচ্ছলজলধিতরঙ্গ
তব শুভ নামে জাগে, তব শুভ আশিষ[lower-alpha 1] মাগে,
গাহে তব জয়গাথা।
জনগণমঙ্গলদায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!

গায়কদল:
জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় হে, জয় জয় জয় জয় হে॥

Jōno gōno mōno odhinayōko jōyo he Bharōto bhagyo bidhata!
Panjab Šindhu Gujraṯ Mōraṯha Drabiṟo Utkōlo Bōngo
Bindhyo Himachōlo Jomuna Gōnga Uchchhōlo jōlodhitōrongo
Tōbo shubho name jage, tōbo shubho ashisho mage,
Gahe tōbo jōyo gatha.
Jōno gōno mōngolodayōko jōyo he Bharōto bhagyo bidhata!
Jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo jōyo jōyo jōyo he.

Janaganamana-adhināẏaka jaẏa hē Bhāratabhāgyabidhātā[lower-alpha 2]!
Pañjāba Sindhu Gujarāṭa Marāṭhā Drābiṛa[lower-alpha 3] Utkala Baṅga[lower-alpha 4]
Bindhya[lower-alpha 5] Himācala Yamunā Gaṅgā ucchalajaladhitaraṅga
Taba[lower-alpha 6] Śubha nāmē jāgē, taba[lower-alpha 7] śubha āśiṣa māgē,
gāhē taba[lower-alpha 8] jaẏagāthā /
Janaganamaṅgaladāẏaka jaẏa hē Bhāratabhāgyabidhātā[lower-alpha 9]!

Gāẏakadal:
Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa hē.

Oh! the ruler of the minds of people, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!
Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha (Marathi heartland), Dravida (South India), Orissa and Bengal,
The Vindhyas, the Himalayas, the Jumna (Yamuna) and the Ganges, and the oceans with foaming waves all around.
Wake up listening to Your auspicious name, ask for Your auspicious blessings,
And sing to Your glorious victory.
Oh! You who impart well being to the people, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!

Chorus:
Victory, victory, victory to You!

অহরহ তব আহ্বান প্রচারিত, শুনি তব উদার বাণী
হিন্দু বৌদ্ধ শিখ জৈন পারসিক মুসলমান খৃস্টানী
পূরব পশ্চিম আসে তব সিংহাসন-পাশে
প্রেমহার হয় গাঁথা।
জনগণ-ঐক্য-বিধায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!

গায়কদল

Ōhorōho tōbo aobhano procharito, shuni tōbo udaro bani;
Hindu Bouddho Shikh Joino Parošik Musolmano Khrishṯani
Purōbo poshchimo aše, tōbo šinghašōno pashe,
Premoharo hoy gãtha.
Jōno gōno oikyo-bidhayōko jōyo he Bharōto bhagyo bidhata!
Jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo jōyo jōyo jōyo he.

Aharaha taba[lower-alpha 10] āhbāna[lower-alpha 11] pracārita, śuni taba[lower-alpha 12] udāra bānī[lower-alpha 13]
Hindu Baudhha[lower-alpha 14] Śikha Jaina Pārasika Musalamāna Khr̥sṭānī
Pūraba[lower-alpha 15] Paścima āsē taba[lower-alpha 16] siṁhāsana-pāśē
Prēmahāra haẏa gām̐thā /
Janagana-aikya-bidhāẏaka[lower-alpha 17] jaẏa hē Bhāratabhāgyabidhatā[lower-alpha 18]!

Gāẏakadal

Your call is announced continuously, we heed Your gracious call
The Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Parsis, Muslims and Christians,
The East and the West come together, to the side of Your throne
And weave the garland of love.
Oh! You who bring in the unity of the people! Victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!

Chorus

পতন-অভ্যুদয়-বন্ধুর পন্থা, যুগ যুগ ধাবিত যাত্রী।
হে চিরসারথি, তব রথচক্রে মুখরিত পথ দিনরাত্রি।
দারুণ বিপ্লব-মাঝে তব শঙ্খধ্বনি বাজে
সঙ্কটদুঃখত্রাতা।
জনগণপথপরিচায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!

গায়কদল

Pōtono obhyudhōyo bondhuro pōntha, jugo jugo dhabito jatri.
He chirošarothi, tōbo rōthochokre mukhoritho pōtho dinoratri.
Daruno biplōbo majhe, tōbo shōnkhodhoni baje
Šōnkoṯo duːkho trata.
Jōno gōno pōthoporichayōko jōyo he Bharōto bhagyo bidhata!
Jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo jōyo jōyo jōyo he.

Patana-abhuyadaẏa-bandhura[lower-alpha 19] panthā, yuga yuga dhābita[lower-alpha 20] yātrī /
Hē cirasārathi, taba[lower-alpha 21] rathacakrē mukharita patha dinarātri /
Dāruna biplaba-mājhē[lower-alpha 22] taba[lower-alpha 23] śaṅkhadhbani[lower-alpha 24] bājē[lower-alpha 25]
Saṅkaṭaduḥkhatrātā.
Janaganapathaparicāẏaka jaẏa hē Bhāratabhāgyabidhātā[lower-alpha 26]!

Gāẏakadal

The way of life is somber as it moves through ups and downs, but we, the pilgrims, have followed it through ages.
Oh! Eternal Charioteer, the wheels of your chariot echo day and night in the path
In the midst of fierce revolution, your conch shell sounds.
You save us from fear and misery.
Oh! You who guide the people through torturous path, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!

Chorus

ঘোরতিমিরঘন নিবিড় নিশীথে পীড়িত মূর্ছিত দেশে
জাগ্রত ছিল তব অবিচল মঙ্গল নতনয়নে অনিমেষে।
দুঃস্বপ্নে আতঙ্কে রক্ষা করিলে অঙ্কে
স্নেহময়ী তুমি মাতা।
জনগণদুঃখত্রায়ক জয় হে ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!

গায়কদল

Ghōro timiro ghōno nibiro nishithe pirito murchhito deshe
Jagrōto chhilo tōbo obichōlo mōngolo nōtonōyone ōnimeshe.
Duːšopone atōnke rōkkha korile ōnke
Snehomoyi tumi mata.
Jōno gōno duːkhotrayōko jōyo he Bharōto bhagyo bidhata!
Jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo jōyo jōyo jōyo he.

Ghōratimiraghana nibiṛa[lower-alpha 27] niśīthē pīṛita mūrchita dēśē
Jāgrata chila taba[lower-alpha 28] abicala[lower-alpha 29] maṅgala natanaẏanē animeṣē /
Duḥsbapnē[lower-alpha 30] ātaṅkē rakṣā karilē aṅkē
Snēhamaẏī tumi mātā /
Janaganaduḥkhatrāẏaka jaẏa hē Bhāratabhāgyabidhātā[lower-alpha 31]!

Gāẏakadal

During the bleakest of nights, when the whole country was sick and in swoon
Wakeful remained Your incessant blessings, through Your lowered but wink-less eyes
Through nightmares and fears, you protected us on Your lap,
Oh Loving Mother
Oh! You who have removed the misery of the people, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!

Chorus

রাত্রি প্রভাতিল, উদিল রবিচ্ছবি পূর্ব-উদয়গিরিভালে –
গাহে বিহঙ্গম, পূণ্য সমীরণ নবজীবনরস ঢালে।
তব করুণারুণরাগে নিদ্রিত ভারত জাগে
তব চরণে নত মাথা।
জয় জয় জয় হে জয় রাজেশ্বর ভারতভাগ্যবিধাতা!

গায়কদল

Ratri probhatilo, udilo robichchhobi purbo udōyo giri bhale
Gahe bihōngōmo, punyo šomirōno nōbo jibōnorōšo dhale.
Tōbo korunaruno rage nidrito Bharōto jage
Tōbo chōrone nōto matha.
Jōyo jōyo jōyo he jōyo rajeshwōro Bharōto bhagyo bidhata!
Jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo he, jōyo jōyo jōyo jōyo he.

Rātri prabhātila,[lower-alpha 32] udila rabicchabi[lower-alpha 33] pūrba-udaẏagiribhālē[lower-alpha 34] -
Gāgē bigaṅgama,[lower-alpha 35] pūrnya samīrana nabajībanarasa[lower-alpha 36] ḍhālē /
Taba[lower-alpha 37] karunārurarāgē nidrita Bhārata jāgē
taba[lower-alpha 38] caranē nata māthā /
Jaẏa Jaẏa Jaẏa hē jaẏa rājēśbara[lower-alpha 39] Bhāratabhāgyabidhātā[lower-alpha 40]!

Gāẏakadal

The night is over, and the Sun has risen over the hills of the eastern horizon.
The birds are singing, and a gentle auspicious breeze is pouring the elixir of new life.
By the halo of Your compassion, India that was asleep is now waking
On your feet we now lay our heads
Oh! Victory, victory, victory to you, the Supreme King, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!

Chorus

Apart from the above translation which follows the original very closely, Tagore's own interpretation of Jana Gana Mana in English is available as The Morning Song of India  – via Wikisource..

See also

References
  1. http://www.news18.com/news/movies/bharat-bhagyo-bidhata-from-rajkahini-is-a-tagore-song-and-not-an-extended-version-of-the-national-anthem-1108614.html IBNLive.com The original Tagore song - "Not a single note of the original Rabindranath Tagore composition has been altered"
  2. Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (2011). Rabindranath Tagore : an interpretation. New Delhi: Viking, Penguin Books India. p. 206. ISBN 978-0670084555. Incidentally a myth regarding this song needs to be refuted and laid to rest. It is on record that the song was written on 11 December 1911. On December 12, 1911 the Delhi Durbar met to honour King Emperor George V. Obviously a poem written on 11 December could not be intended for an event the following day. The song was actually sung at the twenty-seventh session of the Indian National Congress, Calcutta on 28 December 1911 as the opening song at the beginning of the day’s proceedings. Thereafter it was also sung at the foundation day anniversary of Adi Brahma Samaj in February 1912 and included in their collection of psalms, Brahma Sangit.
  3. "Untitled Document". satyashodh.com.
  4. "National Anthem – National Symbols – Know India. Nation Portal of Government of India". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  5. "Interesting Facts About Our National Anthem". Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  6. "All 5 stanzas of Jana Gana Mana with Bengali script".

Notes
  1. আশিস is also used
  2. Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
  3. Sanskrit transliteration "Drāviṛa"
  4. Sanskrit transliteration "Vaṅga"
  5. Sanskrit transliteration "Vindhya"
  6. Sanskrit transliteration "Tava"
  7. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  8. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  9. Sanskrit transliteration "Bhārata-bhāgya-vidhātā"
  10. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  11. Sanskrit transliteration "āhvāna"
  12. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  13. Sanskrit transliteration "vani"
  14. Sanskrit transliteration "Vaudha"
  15. Sanskrit transliteration "Pūrava"
  16. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  17. Sanskrit transliteration "Janagana-aikya-vidhāẏaka"
  18. Sanskrit transliteration "bhāratabhāgyavidhatā"
  19. Sanskrit transliteration "Patana-abhuyadaẏa-Vandhura"
  20. Sanskrit transliteration "dhāvita"
  21. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  22. Sanskrit transliteration "viplava-mājhē"
  23. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  24. Sanskrit transliteration "śaṅkhadhvani"
  25. Sanskrit transliteration "vājē"
  26. Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
  27. Sanskrit transliteration "niviṛa"
  28. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  29. Sanskrit transliteration "avicala"
  30. Sanskrit transliteration "Duḥsvapnē"
  31. Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
  32. Sanskrit transliteration "prabhātila"
  33. Sanskrit transliteration "ravicchavi"
  34. Sanskrit transliteration "pūrva-udaẏagiribhālē"
  35. Sanskrit transliteration "vigaṅgama"
  36. Sanskrit transliteration "navajīvanarasa"
  37. Sanskrit transliteration "Tava"
  38. Sanskrit transliteration "tava"
  39. Sanskrit transliteration "rājēśvara"
  40. Sanskrit transliteration "Bhāratabhāgyavidhātā"
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