Park Yung-hyo


Park Yung-hyo or Bak Young-hyo (Korean: 박영효; Hanja: 朴泳孝; 1861 – 21 September 1939) was a Korean politician from the Joseon Dynasty, an enlightenment activist, diplomat and pro-Japanese collaborator. He was one of the organizers of the Gapsin Coup of 1884, in which progressive political elements attempted to overthrow the conservative Korean government. He become Prince Consort Geumneung through his marriage to Princess Yeonghye, King Cheoljong's daughter.

In this Korean name, the family name is Park.
Park Yung-hyo
Prime Minister of Joseon
In office
May 21, 1895 – May 31, 1895
MonarchGojong
Preceded byKim Hong-jip
Succeeded byBak Jeongyang
Personal details
Born1861
Suwon, Kingdom of Joseon
Died21 September 1939(1939-09-21) (aged 78)
Keijo, Japanese Korea
Korean name
Hangul
박영효
Hanja
Revised RomanizationPak Yeonghyo
McCune–ReischauerPak Yŏnghyo
Pen name
Hangul
춘고 or 현현거사
Hanja
Revised RomanizationChungo or Hyeonhyeon-geosa
McCune–ReischauerCh'un'ko or Hyǒnhyǒn-kǒsa
Courtesy name
Hangul
자순
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJasun
McCune–ReischauerCh'asun
Japanese name:
Yamasaki Eiharu
(山崎永春)

Early life and education

Park Yung-hyo was born in Suwon, south of Hanseong. He was the third son of Park Won-yang and his mother was Lady Yi of the Jeonui Yi clan. By birth, he also had a distant connection with the Royal Family: his 7-great-grandfather was Park Se-gyo (朴世橋, 박세교; 1611 – 1663), the only son of King Seonjo's 5th daughter, Princess Jeongan (정안 옹주; 1590 – 1660), and Park Mi, Prince Consort Geumyang (박미 금양위, 朴瀰 錦陽尉; 1592 – 1645).

On April 3, 1872, he was chosen to be the spouse of Princess Yeonghye (영혜옹주; 永惠翁主), the only living daughter of King Cheoljong, the 25th King of the Joseon Dynasty. However, the princess passed away merely three months after their wedding.

Together with Kim Ok-gyun, Park was a strong supporter of the Dongnipdang, or “Enlightenment Party”, which sought to reform the government, economy, and military by incorporating Western technology and methodology, so that Korea would become stable enough to withstand increasing foreign encroachment. He accompanied Kim on his visit to Tokyo, meeting with various influential Japanese politicians, including Fukuzawa Yukichi.

Personal Life

After completing his studies at the University of Edinburgh, he had three children: Park Jin-seo, Park Il-seo, Park Myo-ok.

Seven grandchildren: Park Seung-kwang, Park Joo-ok, Park Il-hwa, Lee In-won, Lee Dong-kyun, Park Min-do, Park Yun-bae.

Seven great-grandchildren: Lee Ju-eun, Park Ja-seong, Lee Eun-ji, Park Yeong-ho, Park Da-bin, Park Seung-joo, Park Seong-ho.

Twelve great-great-grandchildren; Seo Ye-ra, Seo Ki-hyun, Seo Dae-han, Park Chan-hee, Park Jun-ho, Park Kang-bae, Ryu Chae-bin, Park Sol, Park Kye-na, Ryu Sa-bin, Ryu Yeon-bin, Park Yu-no.

Career

He is credited with creating the first Korean national flag, in 1882.[1]

Gapsin Coup

Park was one of the leaders of the 1884 Gapsin Coup that attempted to overthrow the government and institute Western-style reforms. The coup attempt lasted only three days before its suppression by Chinese troops. He was forced to flee to Japan, where he initially stayed with Fukuzawa Yukichi, before moving on to Kobe.

Subsequent career

Park served briefly as Minister of the Interior and Prime Minister in 1895, playing an important role in opening up Korea. However, following the Gabo Reform and the assassination of Queen Min, Park fled to Japan once again, where he remained until 1907. On his return, he accepted the post of Royal Household Minister under Yi Wan-yong.

Following the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910, in which Korea was annexed to the Empire of Japan, Park was awarded with the kazoku title of marquess (koshaku) in the Japanese peerage, and a seat in the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan. He served as Director of the Bank of Chosen in 1918, Chairman of the Korean Economic Association in 1919, first president of The Dong-a Ilbo newspaper in 1920, president of the Kyungbang Corporation, chairman of the Korea Industrialization Bank in 1921, and advisor to the Government-General of Korea’s Central Institute.

Family
  • Great-grandfather
    • Park Hae-su (박해수, 朴海壽)
  • Grandfather
    • Park Jae-dang (박제당, 朴齊堂) (1784 - 1858)
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Yi of the Yeonan Yi clan (연안 이씨) (1783 - 1818)
      • Step grandmother - Lady Yun of the Chilwon Yun clan (칠원 윤씨, 漆原尹氏) (1795 - ?)
  • Father
    • Park Won-yang (박원양, 朴元陽) (1804 - 17 December 1884)
  • Mother
    • Stepmother - Lady Song of the Jincheon Song clan (진천 송씨, 鎭川宋氏) (1803 - 1822)
      • Step grandfather - Song Seong-hyu (송성휴)
    • Stepmother - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨, 全州 李氏) (1802 - ?)
      • Step grandfather - Yi Dal-tae (이달태)
    • Biological - Lady Yi of the Jeonui Yi clan (전의 이씨) (1817 - 1884)
      • Grandfather - Yi Yun-haeng (이윤행)

Siblings

  • Older sister - Lady Park (반남 박씨)
    • Brother-in-law - Lee Il-yeong (이일영)
  • Older sister - Lady Park (반남 박씨)
    • Brother-in-law - Kim Cheol-hyeon (김철현)
  • Older brother - Park Yeong-gyo (박영교) (1849 - 7 December 1884)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨) (1849 - 1914)
      • Nephew - Park Tae-seo (박태서) (1875 - 1940)
        • Grandnephew - Park Chan-ok (박찬옥, 朴贊玉)
        • Grandnephew - Park Chan-gyeong (박찬경, 朴贊慶)
        • Grandnephew - Park Chan-seong (박찬성, 朴贊聖)
        • Grandnephew - Park Chan-hyeok (박찬혁, 朴贊赫)
        • Grandnephew - Park Chan-jun (박찬준, 朴贊俊)
      • Niece - Lady Park (반남 박씨)
      • Niece - Lady Park (반남 박씨)
  • Older brother - Park Yeong-ho (박영호) (1852 - 1897)
  • Wife and concubines:
  1. Princess Yeonghye (영혜옹주) (1858 - 4 July 1872); King Cheoljong’s daughter — No issue.
  2. Court Lady of the Sungil Hall (상궁 순길당)
  3. Maid Servant Beom (교전비 방나인 범씨)
  4. Lady Park Gyeong-hui (박경희) (1870 - ?)
  • Sons:
    • Park Myo-ok (박묘옥, 朴妙玉)
      • Daughter-in-law: Han Gab-hyun (한갑현)
    • Park Jin-seo (박진서, 朴振緖) (1893 - ?)
    • Park Il-seo (박일서, 朴日緖) or Park Gil-seo (박길서, 朴吉緖) (1897 - 1931)
      • Daughter-in-law: Park Won-hui (박원희) (1889 - 1969)
        • Granddaughter - Park Chan-ju (박찬주, 朴贊珠) (11 December 1914 – 13 July 1995)
          • Grandson-in-law: Yi U (이우, 李鍝) (15 August 1912 - 7 July 1945)
            • Great-Grandson: Yi Cheong (이청, 李淸) (23 April 1936)
              • Great-Granddaughter-in-law: Kim Chae-yeong (김채영) (1949)
                • Unnamed great-great-grandson
            • Great-Grandson: Yi Jong (이종, 李淙) (9 November 1940 - 25 December 1966)
        • Grandson - Park Chan-byeom (박찬범, 朴贊汎) (17 August 1917 - 23 November 1986)
          • Granddaughter-in-law: Yi Hae-chun (이해춘, 李海珺) (1920 - 2009), later divorced; third daughter of Yi Kang
            • Great-grandson: Park Hyeong-woo (박형우, 朴亨雨) (1937 - 2012)
        • Grandson - Park Chan-ik (박찬익, 朴贊益) (1920 - 2003)
          • Great-Grandson: Park Mi-woo (박미우, 朴美雨)
          • Great-Grandson: Park Il-woo (박일우, 朴一雨)
          • Great-Grandson: Park Joon-woo (박준우, 朴俊雨)
        • Grandson - Park Chan-woo (박찬우, 朴贊友); died prematurely
        • Grandson - Park Chan-ung (박찬웅, 朴贊雄) (1926 - 1950)
        • Grandson - Park Chan-yong (박찬용, 朴贊用) (1927 - 1945)
        • Granddaughter - Park Chan-ok (박찬옥, 朴贊玉)

Writings

See also

References
  1. Bak Yeonghyo:Korean historical person information (in Korean)
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