House of Thani

The House of Thani (Arabic: اَل ثاني, romanized: Al Thani) is the ruling family of Qatar, origins can be traced back to Banu Tamim tribal confederation.[2]

House of Thani
اَل ثاني
Emblem and Flag of Qatar
Parent houseBanu Hanzala[1]
CountryQatar
Foundedc. 1847
FounderMohammed bin Thani
Current headTamim bin Hamad
Titles
TraditionsIslam (Sunni)
Politics of Qatar

Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
Monarchy
Cabinet
Consultative Assembly
Elections
Administrative divisions (municipalities)
Foreign relations
Related topics

History and structure

The Al Thanis[3] can be traced back to Mudar bin Nizar, who settled at Gebrin oasis in southern Najd (present-day Saudi Arabia) before he moved to Qatar.[4] Around the 17th century, the tribe lived in Ushayqir, a settlement north-east of Riyadh. They settled in Qatar around the 1720s. Their first settlement in Qatar was in the southern town of Sikak, and from there they moved north-west to Zubarah and Al Ruwais.[5] They settled in Doha in the 19th century under their leader Mohammed bin Thani.[4] The group was named after the father of Mohammad, Thani bin Mohammad.[4]

The family is made of four main factions: Bani Qassim, Bani Ahmed, Bani Jaber, and Bani Thamer.[6][7] As of the early 1990s, the number of the family members was estimated to be about 6,000.[7]

The leadership transitions in 1913, 1949, 1960, and 2013 were aII abdications.[6] These abdications were to a nephew in one incident and sons in the others.[6][8]

Rulers

List of Emirs:

Family tree
'Genealogical table of the Ruling Āl Thāni (Ma’ādhīd) Family of Dōhah in Qatar', produced in 1915.
Thamer
Mohammed
Thani
Mohammed
JassimAhmedFahadEid{{{Jabir}}}Thamir

Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani Branch

The Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch

  • Thani bin Mohammed
    • Mohammed bin Thani
      • Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani – Governor of Doha
        • Sheikh Saif bin Ahmed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Khalifa bin Ahmed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmed Al Thani
          • Sheikh Ahmed bin Khalid Al Thani
          • Sheikh Nasser bin Khalid Al Thani, founder of Nasser bin Khalid Holdings
            • Sheikh Nawaf bin Nasser Al Thani
        • Sheikh Ahmed bin Ahmed Al Thani
          • Sheikh Mubarak bin Ahmed Al Thani
          • Sheikh Mohammed bin Ahmed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Jabr bin Ahmed Al Thani
          • Sheikh Nasser bin Jabr Al Thani
            • Sheikh Jaber Bin Nasser Al-Thani
        • Sheikh Hamad bin Ahmed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Nasser bin Ahmed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmed Al Thani

The Fahad bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch

  • Thani bin Mohammed

The Jaber bin Muhammed Al Thani Branch

  • Sheikh Jabr bin Muhammed Al Thani (1878–1934)
    • Sheikh Muhammad bin Jabr Al Thani (1916–1983)
      • Sheikh Jaber bin Muhammad Al Thani
        • Sheikh Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
          • Yousif bin Jassim Al Thani
          • Sheikh Jabor bin Jassim Al Thani
          • Sheikh Fahad bin Jassim Al Thani
          • Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani (1959), Foreign Minister of Qatar (1992-today), Prime Minister of Qatar (2007-today) retired (2013)
            • Sheikh Jabor bin Hamad Al Thani
            • Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad Al Thani
            • Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad Al Thani
            • Sheikh Fahad bin Hamad Al Thani
            • Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
            • Sheikh Falah Bin Hamad Al Thani
          • Sheikh Falah bin Jassim Al Thani
          • Mansoor bin Jassim Al Thani
          • Nawaf bin Jassim Al Thani

The Thamir bin Muhammed Al Branch

  • Thani bin Mohammed
    • Mohammed bin Thani
      • Sheikh Thamir bin Muhammed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Issa bin Thamir bin Muhammed Al Thani
        • Sheikh Qassim bin Tamim Al Thani

Controversies

In 1995, many royal family members staged a successful coup against the then King, King Khalifa Al Thani. His son, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani became the King. A few months later, there was a failed coup.

Over the years, the Qatar government has revoked the nationality of many Qatari citizens. [11] Criticism of the Royals and other government entities can land people in trouble. [12] Many citizens have protested against the government over discriminatory practices.[13]

See also

References
  1. "The Banu Tamim tribe". 28 February 2019.
  2. "Meet the world's other 25 royal families". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  3. Althani, Mohamed (2013). Jassim the Leader: Founder of Qatar. Profile Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-78125-070-9.
  4. "Line of succession: The Al Thani rule in Qatar". Gulf News. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  5. Mohamed Althani, p. 26
  6. Kamrava, Mehran (Summer 2009). "Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar". The Middle East Journal. 63 (3): 401–420. doi:10.3751/63.3.13. S2CID 154521643. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  7. Helem Chapin Metz, ed. (1993). "The Al Thani". Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  8. Crystal, Jill (July 1989). "Coalitions in Oil Monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar". Comparative Politics. 21 (4): 427–443. doi:10.2307/422006. JSTOR 422006.
  9. "File 160/1903 'Persian Gulf: El Katr; appointment of Turkish Mudirs; question of Protectorate Treaty with El Katr' [170v] (345/860)". Qatar Digital Library. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  10. "Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad hands power to son Tamim". BBC News. 25 June 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  11. https://m.khaleejtimes.com/region/qatar-crisis/qatar-move-to-revoke-citizenship-of-clan-chief-draws-flak-
  12. "Qatar, the Gulf emirate famed for openness, is silencing critics". The Economist. 13 February 2020.
  13. "Qatar: Election Law Exposes Discriminatory Citizenship". 9 September 2021.
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