1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries

From January 24 to June 20, 1972, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1972 United States presidential election. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections, caucuses, and state party conventions, culminating in the 1972 Democratic National Convention held from July 10 to July 13, 1972, in Miami, Florida.

1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries
January 24 to June 20, 1972
3,014 delegates to the Democratic National Convention
1,509 delegate votes needed to win
 
Candidate George McGovern Hubert Humphrey George Wallace
Home state South Dakota Minnesota Alabama
Delegate count 1,378.9 386.3 377.0
Contests won 10 4 5
Popular vote 4,053,451 4,121,372 3,755,424
Percentage 25.3% 25.8% 23.5%
 
Candidate Edmund Muskie Shirley Chisholm
Home state Maine New York
Delegate count 209.1 28.65
Contests won 4 1
Popular vote 1,840,217 430,703
Percentage 11.5% 2.69%
First place finishes by popular vote
Red denotes a state won by George McGovern. Blue denotes a state won by Hubert Humphrey Green denotes a state won by George Wallace. Brown denotes a state won by Edmund Muskie. Gold denotes a state won by Shirley Chisholm.
Previous Democratic nominee

Hubert Humphrey

 Democratic nominee

George McGovern

Background

As 1972 approached, President Richard Nixon faced uncertain re-election prospects. Nixon had been elected in 1968 on a platform to end American involvement in Vietnam, but his strategy of gradually handing over operational control of the conflict to the South Vietnamese military (Vietnamization) was proceeding more slowly than planned. Nixon had in fact widened the conflict by invading Cambodia in 1970, a move that ignited criticism in the press and Congress and widespread disorder on college campuses. The Paris Peace Talks had bogged down, dimming hopes for a negotiated settlement to the war. On the domestic front, a sharp recession in 1969 had shaken investor confidence, and Nixon's plan to control inflation with wage and price controls had failed to meet its objective. The administration's attempt to steer a middle course on issues of busing and affirmative action had displeased liberals and conservatives alike. Republican losses in the 1970 midterm elections further weakened the party's congressional and gubernatorial position.

As a result, a large field of Democratic challengers emerged. The establishment favorite for the Democratic nomination was Ed Muskie,[1] the moderate who acquitted himself well as the 1968 Democratic vice-presidential candidate. In August 1971 Harris polling amid a growing economic crisis, Muskie came out on top of incumbent Nixon if the election had been held that day.[1]

Shirley Chisholm announced she would run and became the first black person ever to run for president on a major party ticket and the first woman to run for the Democratic presidential nomination.[2]

Primary campaign

Prior to the New Hampshire primary, the "Canuck Letter" was published in the Manchester Union-Leader. The letter, later revealed to have been a forgery produced as part of the "dirty tricks" campaign by Richard Nixon's staff members,[3] claimed that Muskie had made disparaging remarks about French-Canadians. Subsequently, the paper published an attack on the character of Muskie's wife Jane, reporting that she drank and used off-color language. Muskie made an emotional defense of his wife in a speech outside the newspaper's offices during a snowstorm. Though Muskie later stated that what had appeared to the press as tears were actually melted snowflakes, the press reported that Muskie broke down and cried.[4] Muskie did worse than expected in the primary, while McGovern came in a surprisingly close second. McGovern now had the momentum, which was well orchestrated by his campaign manager, Gary Hart.

Hubert Humphrey made another run at the nomination, in an era when previous nominees were considered legitimate contenders even after losing a general election (Adlai Stevenson had been successful at being re-nominated by Democrats in 1956, and Nixon by the GOP in 1968). He fell just short in delegates, despite winning the popular vote in the 24 states and the District of Columbia which held preference primary and caucus elections open to the rank and file Democratic voter. His bid to contest the results of the California winner-take-all primary failed. Humphrey, like Senator Henry "Scoop" Jackson, was considered the favorite of the party establishment after Muskie's withdrawal.

Alabama governor George Wallace, with his "outsider" image, did well in the South (he won every county in the Florida primary with the exception of Miami-Dade)[5] and among alienated and dissatisfied voters. What might have become a forceful campaign was cut short when Wallace was shot while campaigning, and left paralyzed in an assassination attempt by Arthur Bremer. Within hours of the assassination attempt, then-President Richard M. Nixon and a top aide dispatched a political operative, E. Howard Hunt, who rushed to Milwaukee, with plans to surreptitiously enter Bremer's apartment, and plant the campaign literature of Democratic contender George McGovern's campaign as a means to drive Wallace supporters away from the Democratic Party and toward Nixon and Republican candidates. Hunt aborted his clandestine operation after the FBI had already sealed off Bremer's apartment prior to his arrival.[6][7]

Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee Wilbur Mills was drafted by friends and fellow Congressmen to make himself available as a candidate for the primaries. To position himself to appeal to senior citizens during the 1972 presidential campaign, Mills championed the automatic Cost Of Living Adjustment (COLA) to Social Security. He was not strong in the primaries and won 33 votes for president from the delegates at the 1972 Democratic National Convention which nominated Senator George McGovern.

Washington Senator Scoop Jackson was little known nationally when he first ran for President in 1972. McGovern accused Jackson of racism for his opposition to busing. Jackson's high point in the campaign was a distant third in the early Florida primary, but he failed to stand out of the pack of better-known rivals, and only made real news later in the campaign as part of the "Anybody but McGovern" coalition, that raised what would be known as the "Acid, Amnesty and Abortion" questions about McGovern. Jackson suspended active campaigning in May after a weak showing in the Ohio primary and after finishing well behind McGovern, Muskie, George Wallace, and Hubert Humphrey in early primaries. Jackson did re-emerge at the August Democratic convention after runner-up Humphrey dropped out of the race. Jackson's name was placed in nomination by Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter, and he finished second in the delegate roll call, well behind nominee McGovern.[8][9]

Attempted assassination of George Wallace

While campaigning in Laurel, Maryland, on May 15, 1972, Wallace was shot five times by Arthur Bremer. Three others wounded in the shooting also survived. Bremer's diary, published after his arrest as a book titled An Assassin's Diary, showed that Bremer's assassination attempt was not motivated by politics, but by a desire for fame, and that President Nixon had been a possible target. The assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed for the rest of his life, as one of the bullets had lodged in his spinal column.

Following the shooting, Wallace won primaries in Maryland and Michigan. Wallace spoke at the Democratic National Convention from his wheelchair in Miami on July 11, 1972.

While Wallace was recovering in Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland, he was out of Alabama for more than 20 days. The Alabama state constitution required the lieutenant governor, Jere Beasley, to serve as acting governor from June 5 until Wallace's return to Alabama on July 7.

Bremer was sentenced to 53 years in prison for the shooting. He served 35 years of the sentence and was released on parole on November 9, 2007.

As a result of the shooting, President Nixon dispatched Secret Service protection to Representatives Shirley Chisholm and Wilbur Mills (two candidates who had not been assigned Secret Service details up to then) as well as Senator Ted Kennedy (though not running, because of his brothers John and Robert having been assassinated).[10]

Wallace did win the Maryland primary and the Michigan primary both held the following day (Tues. May 16), but his near assassination effectively ended his campaign.

Endorsements

Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan ran as Chisholm delegates in New York.[2] By the 1972 election, the women's movement was rapidly expanding its political power. Steinem, along with Congresswomen Chisholm and Bella Abzug, had founded the National Women's Political Caucus in July 1971.[11]

Nevertheless, Steinem was reluctant to re-join the McGovern campaign. Though she had brought in McGovern's single largest campaign contributor in 1968, she "still had been treated like a frivolous pariah by much of McGovern's campaign staff." And in April 1972, Steinem remarked that he "still doesn't understand the women's movement."[12]

Earlier in the primary campaign, Muskie had gained the support of Ohio Governor John Gilligan; Pennsylvania Governor Milton Shapp; Iowa Senator Harold Hughes and United Auto Workers president Leonard Woodcock.[13]

Candidates

[14]

Candidates in this section are sorted by performance in the delegate contests
George McGovern Hubert Humphrey George Wallace Edmund Muskie Henry M. Jackson Wilbur Mills Shirley Chisholm
U.S. Senator
from South Dakota
(1963–1981)		 U.S. Vice President
from Minnesota
(1965–1969)		 Governor of Alabama
(1961–1967; 1971–1979)		 U.S. Senator
from Maine
(1959–1980)		 U.S. Senator
from Washington
(1953–1983)		 U.S. Representative
from Arkansas
(1939–1977)		 U.S. Representative
from New York
(1969–1983)
Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign
AC: January 18, 1971
4,051,565 votes
1,378.90 PD		 AC: January 10, 1972
4,119,230 votes
386.30 PD		 AC: January 13, 1972
3,755,424 votes
377.00 PD		 AC: January 4, 1972
SC: April 27, 1972
1,838,314 votes
209.10 PD		 AC: November 19, 1971
SC: May 2, 1972
504,596 votes
53.75 PD		 AC: February 11, 1972
37,401 votes
30.55 PD		 AC: January 25, 1972
430,733 votes
28.65 PD
[15][16] [15][17] [15][18] [15][19][20] [15][21][22] [15][23] [15][24]
Terry Sanford John Lindsay Eugene McCarthy Sam Yorty Vance Hartke Patsy Mink Fred R. Harris
Governor of North Carolina
(1961–1965)		 Mayor of New York
from New York
(1966–1973)		 U.S. Senator
from Minnesota
(1959–1971)		 Mayor of Los Angeles
from California
(1961–1973)		 U.S. Senator
from Indiana
(1959–1977)		 U.S. Representative
from Hawaii
(1965–1977)		 U.S. Senator
from Oklahoma
(1964–1973)
Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign
AC: March 8, 1972
331,415 votes
27 PD		 AC: December 28, 1971
W: April 4, 1972
196,406 votes
6 PD		 AC: December 17, 1971
553,352 votes		 AC: November 16, 1971
W: June 5, 1972
E-HH: June 5, 1972
79,446 votes		 AC: January 3, 1972
W: March 26, 1972
E-HH: March 26, 1972
11,798 votes		 AC: October 19, 1971
W: May 24, 1972
8,286 votes		 AC: September 24, 1971
W: November 10, 1971
E-GM: April 27, 1972
[15][25] [15][26][27] [15][28] [15][29][30] [15][31] [15][32][33] [15][34][35][36]

Unannounced Candidates
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of declination
William Proxmire Birch Bayh Harold Hughes
U.S. Senator
from Wisconsin
(1957–1989)		 U.S. Senator
from Indiana
(1957–1981)		 U.S. Senator
from Iowa
(1957–1975)
DTR: November 6, 1971
E-GM: March 31, 1972		 DTR: October 12, 1971 DTR: July 15, 1971
[37][38] [39] [40]

Favorite sons
Candidates in this section are sorted by performance in delegate contests
Walter Fauntroy Carl Stokes Wayne Hays
U.S. Representative
from Washington, D.C.
(1971–1991)		 Mayor of Cleveland
from Ohio
(1967–1971)		 U.S. Representative
from Ohio
(1949–1976)
AC: December 7, 1971
21,217 votes
15 PD		 8 PD 5 PD
[41] [42] [42]

Polling

National polling
Poll source Publication
Birch Bayh
Shirley Chisholm
J. William Fulbright
Fred Harris
Harold Hughes
Hubert Humphrey
John Lindsay
Scoop Jackson
Ted Kennedy
Mike Mansfield
Eugene McCarthy
George McGovern
Wilbur Mills
Edmund Muskie
William Proxmire
George Wallace
Sam Yorty
Gallup Jan. 1969 — — — — — 21% — — 45% — 15% 3% — 17% — — —
Gallup Oct. 1969 — — — — — 29% — — 27% — 10% 5% — 24% — — —
Gallup May. 1970 — — — 1% 1% 16% 10% — 17% — 9% 3% — 23% — — —
Gallup Nov. 1970 — — — — — 16% 4% — 31% 1% 6% 2% — 33% 2% — —
Gallup Feb. 1971 — — — — — 21% 5% — 25% — 4% 5% — 26% — — —
Gallup Apr. 1971 1% — 1% — 1% 18% 4% 2% 29% 2% 3% 5% 1% 21% 2% — —
Gallup Apr. 1971 1% — 1% — 1% 18% 4% 2% 29% 2% 3% 5% 1% 21% 2% — —
Gallup Jul. 1971 2% — 1% — 1% 18% 3% 2% 22% 1% 6% 5% 1% 22% 1% — —
Gallup Aug. 1971 — — — — — 13% 6% — 26% — 4% 6% — 22% — — —
Harris[43] Sep. 1971 — — — 1% — 16% 7% 2% 26% — 5% 4% 2% 19% 1% — —
— — — 1% — 27% 11% 2% — — 7% 5% 2% 27% 2% — —
Gallup Nov. 1971 — — — — — 19% 4% 6% 29% — 5% 6% — 24% — — —
Harris[44] Nov. 1971 — — — — — 15% 9% 2% 25% — 3% 5% 1% 22% 1% — 1%
— — — — — 25% 12% 2% — — 4% 6% 2% 27% 2% — 1%
Gallup Dec. 1971 — — — — — 19% 4% 4% 32% — 4% 5% — 25% — — 1%
— — — — — 34% 8% 5% — — 5% 8% — 31% — — 1%
Gallup Jan. 1972 — 2% — — — 17% 5% 2% 27% — 5% 3% — 32% — — 2%
— 2% — — — 29% 7% 3% — — 8% 3% — 39% — — 2%
Harris[45] Jan. 1972 — 3% — — — 23% 7% 5% — — 6% 5% — 30% — — 1%
Gallup Feb. 1972 — 2% — — — 23% 2% 3% 24% — 3% 5% — 29% — — 1%
— 3% — — — 32% 5% 4% — — 4% 6% — 35% — — 1%
Harris[46] Feb. 1972 — 5% — — — 18% 6% 4% 15% — 5% 5% — 22% — 11% 1%
— 6% — — — 21% 7% 3% — — 5% 8% — 28% — 12% 1%
Gallup Mar. 1972 — 2% — — — 31% 7% 3% — — 5% 6% 2% 23% — 15% *
— 3% — — — 35% 8% 5% — — 6% 7% 2% 28% — — 1%
Gallup Mar. 1972 — 4% — — — 31% 5% 5% — — 4% 5% 1% 22% — 17% *
Gallup Apr. 1972 — 5% — — — 30% — 4% — — 3% 17% 1% 17% — 19% 1%
Gallup May 1972 — 3% — — — 35% — 3% — — 3% 20% 2% 11% — 18% —
Gallup May 1972 — — — — — 26% — — — — — 25% — — — 26% —
Gallup Jun. 1972 — 3% — — — 27% — 3% — — 2% 30% 1% 6% — 25% —

Caucuses

The Iowa caucus was held first on January 24. Edmund Muskie won 35.5% support, George McGovern 22.6% and 35.8% of delegates were uncommitted.

11 states held caucuses before the 1972 convention in which one candidate captured a majority of support:

  • January 29: Arizona - Edmund Muskie
  • February 22: Minnesota - Hubert Humphrey
  • March 7: Washington - Henry "Scoop" Jackson
  • March 25: Maine - Edmund Muskie
  • April 17: Idaho - George McGovern
  • April 20: Vermont - George McGovern
  • April 30: Nevada - George McGovern
  • May 15: Colorado - George McGovern
  • May 16: Utah - George McGovern
  • June 18: Montana - George McGovern
  • June 19: Arkansas - Wilbur Mills

[47]

Primaries

Statewide contests by winner

[47][48]

Legend:   1st place
(popular vote)		 2nd place
(popular vote)		 3rd place
(popular vote)		 Candidate has
withdrawn or ended
active campaigning		 Candidate had
not yet Joined
Hubert
Humphrey		 George
McGovern		 George
Wallace		 Edmund
Muskie		 Eugene
McCarthy		 Scoop
Jackson		 Shirley
Chisholm		 Terry
Sanford		 John
Lindsay		 Sam
Yorty		 Wilbur
Mills		 Walter
Fauntroy		 Vance
Hartke		 Patsy
Mink		 Unpledged
March 7 New Hampshire
(20 delegates)		 0.39% 37.15%
(6 delegates)		 0.20% 46.41%
(14 delegates)		 - 0.22% - - - 6.08% 4.01% - 2.72% - -
March 14 Florida
(81 delegates)		 18.56%
(6 delegates)		 6.19% 41.65%
(75 delegates)		 8.90% 0.46% 13.46% 3.48% - 6.52% 0.20% 0.36% - 0.24% - -
March 21 Illinois
(153 delegates)		 0.12% 0.30%
(13 delegates)		 0.57% 62.60%
(59 delegates)		 36.26% 0.04% 0.06% - 0.01% - - - - - -
(88-Delegates)
April 4 Wisconsin
(67-Delegates)		 20.71%
(13 delegates)		 29.55%
(54 delegates)		 22.03% 10.26% 1.38% 7.80% 0.82% - 6.70% 0.21% 0.08% - 0.07% 0.11% 0.22%
April 25 Massachusetts
(102-Delegates)		 7.91% 52.65%
(102-Delegates)		 7.41% 21.29% 1.41% 1.37% 3.62% - 0.34% 0.10% 3.14% - 0.14% - -
April 25 Pennsylvania
(137-Delegates)		 35.05%
(57-Delegates)		 20.43%
(37-Delegates)		 21.27%
(2-Delegates)		 20.36%
(29-Delegates)		 - 2.82% 0.02% - - - - - - - -
May 2 Washington, D.C.
(15-Delegates)		 - - - - - - - - - - - 71.78%
(15-Delegates)		 - - 28.22%
May 2 Indiana
(76-Delegates)		 47.14%
(55-Delegates)		 - 41.19%
(22-Delegates)		 11.67% - - - - - - - - - - -
May 2 Ohio
(140-Delegates)		 41.28%
(75-Delegates)		 39.70%
(65-Delegates)		 - 8.79% 2.11% 8.12% - - - - - - - - -
May 4 Tennessee
(49-Delegates)		 15.90% 7.22% 68.16%
(49-Delegates)		 1.96% 0.46% 1.20% 3.82% - 0.30% 0.14% 0.52% - 0.33% - -
May 6 North Carolina
(64-Delegates)		 - - 50.34%
(37-Delegates)		 3.74% - 1.15% 7.51% 37.26%
(27-Delegates)		 - - - - - - -
May 9 Nebraska
(22-Delegates)		 34.33%
(8-Delegates)		 41.28%
(16-Delegates)		 12.45% 3.58% 1.66% 2.75% 0.92% - 0.65% 1.80% 0.20% - 0.13% - -
May 9 West Virginia
(35-Delegates)		 66.92% - 33.08% - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 16 Maryland
(53-Delegates)		 26.75%
(?-Delegates)		 22.35%
(?-Delegates)		 38.67%
(41-Delegates)		 2.35% 0.83% 3.12% 2.22% - 0.38% 2.39% 0.84% - - 0.10% -
May 16 Michigan
(132-Delegates)		 15.73%
(25-Delegates)		 26.81%
(36-Delegates)		 50.96%
(71-Delegates)		 2.44% - 0.44% 2.78% - - - - - - - 0.67%
May 23 Oregon
(34-Delegates)		 12.52% 50.25%
(34-Delegates)		 20.03% 2.51% 2.19% 5.39% 0.73% - 1.24% - 0.30% - - 1.59% -
May 23 Rhode Island
(22-Delegates)		 20.34% 41.21%
(22-Delegates)		 15.32% 20.70% 0.65% 0.36% - - - 0.02% 0.11% - - - 1.29%
June 6 California
(271-Delegates)		 38.58% 43.50%
(271-Delegates)		 7.53% 2.04% 0.96% 0.81% 4.42% - 0.74% 1.42% - - - - -
June 6 New Jersey
(0-Delegates)		 - - - - - - 66.94% 33.06% - - - - - - -
June 6 New Mexico
(18-Delegates)		 25.94% 33.28%
(10-Delegates)		 29.25%
(8-Delegates)		 4.18% - 2.76% 2.09% - - - - - - - 2.49%
June 6 South Dakota
(17-Delegates)		 - 100%
(17-Delegates)		 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
June 20 New York
(248-Delegates)		 - ?
(230-Delegates)		 - ?
(2-Delegates)		 - - ?
(4-Delegates)		 - - - - - - - ?
(12-Delegates)

Counties carried
1972 Democratic primary results by county popular vote

Primaries popular vote results:[49]

Analysis

In the end, McGovern succeeded in winning the nomination by winning primaries through grass-roots support in spite of establishment opposition. He had led a commission to redesign the Democratic nomination system after the messy and confused nomination struggle and convention of 1968. The fundamental principle of the McGovern-Fraser Commission—that the Democratic primaries should determine the winner of the Democratic nomination—lasted throughout every subsequent nomination contest. However, the new rules angered many prominent Democrats whose influence was marginalized, and those politicians refused to support McGovern's campaign (some even supporting Nixon instead), leaving the McGovern campaign at a significant disadvantage in funding compared to Nixon.

See also

References
  1. Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 298. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
  2. Freeman, Jo (February 2005). "Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign". University of Illinois at Chicago Women's History Project. Archived from the original on 2015-01-26.
  3. Bernstein, Carl; Woodward, Bob (10 October 1972). "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 Dec 2018.
  4. "Remembering Ed Muskie", Online NewsHour, PBS, March 26, 1996
  5. Pantazi, Andrew (2016). "Past Duval Presidential Elections". Jacksonville.com. The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 25 December 2018. Later that year segregationist George Wallace would be shot and handicapped, but before then, he won Florida’s primary decisively, carrying every county but Miami-Dade.
  6. "Article Says Nixon Schemed To Tie Foe to Wallace Attack". The New York Times. December 7, 1992. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  7. "Nixon Plot to Tie McGovern to Wallace Attack Reported : Archives: Plan to plant campaign flyers is among new disclosures in unreleased tapes, magazine says". Los Angeles Times. December 7, 1992. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  8. Salam, Reihan (May 27, 2003). "Double Scoop". The New Republic Online.
  9. "A Message of Discontent from Wisconsin Archived 2007-11-18 at the Wayback Machine", "AllPolitics", Time, 04-17-1972.
  10. "Washingtonpost.com: George Wallace Remembered". The Washington Post.
  11. Miroff. pp. 205.
  12. Steinem, Gloria. Outrageous Acts. p. 114.
  13. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. "United States presidential election of 1972". Britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 August 2019. {{cite web}}: |author1= has generic name (help)
  14. "CQ Almanac Online Edition".
  15. "McGovern Shy 130 Votes as Delegate Choice Ends; Tally Finds McGovern is Shy 130 Votes" (PDF).
  16. "McGovern Assails Nixon on Cambodia" (PDF).
  17. "Humphrey Joins the Race; Asks U.S. To End War Now; Humphrey in Race; Urges War End Now" (PDF).
  18. "Wallace Joins Florida Race as Democrat; Wallace Enters Primary in Florida as a Democrat" (PDF).
  19. "Muskie Formally in Race; Pledges 'a New Beginning'; Muskie Formally in Nomination Race" (PDF).
  20. "Admits Strategy Failed; Muskie Abandons Primary Contention" (PDF).
  21. "Jackson Cites Lack of Funds in Quitting" (PDF).
  22. "Jackson in Race; He Asserts Nixon Fails to Win Trust; Jackson in Race for President; Says Nixon Fails to Win Trust" (PDF).
  23. "Rep. Mills Officially Enters Race for the Democratic Nomination; MILLS JOINS RACE FOR NOMINATION" (PDF).
  24. "NEW HAT IN RING: MRS. CHISHOlm's; Representative is Seeking Presidency as Democrat MRS. Chisholm Joins Presidential Race" (PDF).
  25. "Sanford, Ex-Governor, Runs in Carolina for White House" (PDF).
  26. "LINDSAY, IN RACE, SCORES HIS RIVALS; in Miami, He Also Attacks Nixon -- Says Washington Ignores Cities' Problems Lindsay, in Race, Attacks Nixon and Rivals in Democratic Party" (PDF).
  27. "MAYORS RUNS SIXTH; Says Returns Indicate He Cannot Continue as a Candidate Lindsay Quits the Race After Sixth-Place Finish" (PDF).
  28. "McCarthy, Casually, Enters the '72 Race; A Casual McCarthy Enters 1972 Race" (PDF).
  29. "Yorty Enters Race; Eyes 2 Primaries; Yorty Enters Race; Eyes Two Primaries" (PDF).
  30. "Minnesotan Won't Quit; Humphrey Concedes Loss in California Voting Today" (PDF).
  31. "Petitions Raise Hartke Hopes" (PDF).
  32. "Rep. Mink Withdraws from President Race" (PDF).
  33. https://www.newspapers.com/image/555594004
  34. "Harris in Race for Presidency, the Second Democrat to Declare; Harris in Race for Presidency, the Second Democrat to Declare" (PDF).
  35. "Harris, Declaring 'I Am Broke,' Withdraws from '72 Contention; $40,000 in Debt, Oklahoman Abandons a Short Campaign Based on 'New Populism'" (PDF).
  36. https://www.newspapers.com/image/152298537
  37. "PROXMIRE STATES HE WILL NOT RUN; Opens Way for McGovern in the Wisconsin Primary" (PDF).
  38. https://www.newspapers.com/image/12547435
  39. "Bayh Quits Race; Cites Wife's Illness" (PDF).
  40. "Hughes Quits as Presidential Aspirant" (PDF).
  41. "BLACK IN CAPITAL TO ENTER PRIMARY; Fauntroy to Run May 2 as Favorite-Son Candidate" (PDF).
  42. "Humphrey Victor in Ohio Vote; Wallace Wins Tennessee Race; HUMPHREY VICTOR BY SLIM OHIO EDGE" (PDF).
  43. https://www.newspapers.com/image/180355836
  44. https://www.newspapers.com/image/255307610
  45. https://www.newspapers.com/image/222662682
  46. https://www.newspapers.com/image/255178810
  47. "The Modern History of the Democratic Presidential Primary, 1972-2008 – Sabato's Crystal Ball".
  48. "Calender". Our Campaigns.
  49. Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Mar 07, 1972
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.